Title: EFEITOS DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO BASEADA NO COMER INTUITIVO SOBRE AS RESPOSTAS COMPORTAMENTAIS E METABÓLICAS EM ADULTOS COM SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE: UM ESTUDO PILOTO DE ENSAIO CLÍNICO RANDOMIZADO
Author: Dalcia Klimaczewski
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract: Overweight and obesity are health problems all over the world, and conventional treatment based on restrictive diets has been ineffective in the long term. Strategies that use the assessment of feelings of hunger and satiety to guide eating have been effective in promoting health. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of an intervention based on eating guided by nutritional counseling on behavioral, physical and metabolic responses in overweight and obese adults. A pilot study of a randomized clinical trial with pre (T0) and post-test (T1) was carried out. The sample consisted of 18 women and 3 men with a BMI >25 kg/m2 , between 24 and 55 years old, randomized into two groups: control (n=11; nutritional counseling) and intuitive eating (n=10; nutritional counseling + intuitive eating) – the closed group format followed. The sample was homogeneous for age, BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the 3-day food diary. Anthropometric and laboratory evaluations were performed to analyze the anthropometric and metabolic profile before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions in remote and synchronous format, lasting a maximum of 1 hour and a half. There were 9 weeks of intervention and 3 weeks of follow-up, totaling 14 weeks. There were no significant intergroup differences in eating styles, subscales, and total intuitive eating scores. Intragroup variations were similar, with a reduction in emotional (control=19.5%; intuitive eating=10.9%) and external (control=17.7%; intuitive eating=12%) eating styles. The control group increased the frequency of restrictive eating behavior by 27% and reduced the score on the “unconditional permission to eat” subscale by 9.4 %. However, both groups showed an increase in the level of intuitive eating, showing that the interventions had similar effects on eating behavior. Inverse and significant associations were observed between the emotional style and the subscale “eating for physical and non-emotional reasons”, and between these and the psychological variables, evidencing the relationship with emotional eating. The dietary assessment showed a 10% reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in both groups. There was no significant effect of the interventions on measures of weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences (between 0.5% and 1.9%), and physical activity level, with modest and similar differences between groups. However, there was a significant effect on blood glucose reduction (P=0.004) through both interventions. C-reactive protein had no significant reduction and was similar between groups (~35 %). Both showed a modest reduction in HDL. The intuitive eating group had a concomitant reduction in triglycerides and VLDL, while the control group increased VLDL values by 17.7%. It is concluded that both interventions showed benefits to participants with overweight or obesity in behavioral, anthropometric and metabolic responses. Due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of obesity, more research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of intuitive eating in the treatment of obesity and its possible associations with other behavioral and metabolic variables.
Keywords: Intuitive Eating; Obesity; Overweight; Behavioral Responses; Metabolic Responses
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE MASSA MUSCULAR ESQUELÉTICA, MARCADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS E TAMANHO TUMORAL: PREDIÇÃO DE SOBREVIDA GLOBAL DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER COLORRETAL
Author: Gabrielle da Silva Vargas Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract: Cancer is recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Skeletal muscle mass (MME), systemic inflammation and tumor size are important factors, whose alterations can lead to the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the association between SMM, systemic inflammation and tumor size in predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with CRC. This is a retrospective cohort study, which included all patients diagnosed with CRC, with stages I to III, who underwent surgical resection, with computed tomography (CT) images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra available for the period up to 90 days before surgery, enrolled at the National Cancer Institute, between January 2007 and December 2015. CT images were used for the assessment of the skeletal muscle index (SMI). Patients were categorized according to the tertiles provided by the sample analysis, the lower SMM was defined according to the first tertile of the SMI (<46.39 cm²/m² for men and <37 cm²/m² for women). The systemic inflammation was defined by neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Tumor size was analyzed by the largest horizontal diameter, recorded in the pathological report. The association between variables and SMM ratings were explored by performing multiple logistic regressions, with adjustments for age and gender, using the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of effect with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The time between the date of histopathological diagnosis and the date of death from any cause was used to define OS. The Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for variables for which p<0.250 in the univariate analyses, were controlled in the multivariate model to verify the risk ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the variables that were able to predict 5-year mortality. The results show that lower SMM was significantly associated with the presence of systemic inflammation assessed by NLR (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.09-4.06) and SIRI (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.08-4.04). In addition, SMM cannot adequately predict the survival of the evaluated patients, however SMM was able to change the predictive capacity of inflammatory markers NLR (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.71-1.75) and SIRI (HR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.69-13.25) and tumor size (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.36- 6.88) in patients with CRC. In conclusion, the findings suggest an independent association between lower SMM with higher NLR and SIRI levels. Furthermore, the combination of SMM levels with NLR, SIRI and tumor size could adjust the 5-year mortality estimate for patients with CRC.
Keywords: colorectal neoplasms, skeletal muscle, tumor burden, inflammation, survival
Title: PREVALÊNCIA DA MÁ NUTRIÇÃO EM CRIANÇAS DE 6 A 23 MESES ACOMPANHADAS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM O CONSUMO ALIMENTAR: DADOS DO SISTEMA DE VIGILÂNCIA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL
Author: Giovana Nigri Cursino
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of malnutrition forms have been increasing over time, as well as the double burden of malnutrition. Studies suggest that inadequate quantity and quality of food have been associated with types of malnutrition, but there is little information about the double burden malnutrition and food intake. Objectives: Analyze the frequency and prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition in Brazilian children aged 6 to 23 months and associate it with food consumption indicators and anthropometric nutritional status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from Food and Nutrition Surveillance System of children 6 to 23 months in the year 2019 that are the anthropometric measurements: weight, length, and sociodemographic characteristics, such as: child age (months), sex, geographic region, participation in the National cash transfer program – Bolsa Família (BFP) were collected from the database. According with WHO the Z-score was calculated using body weight and length, and the nutritional status was classified as low height for age by the Height for Age index, for stunting, wasting, eutrophy, risk of overweight, overweight, and obesity by the BMI for age The double burden of malnutrition variable was created by associating low height-for-age with excessive weight (overweight + obesity) for a child. The consumption indicators of continued breastfeeding, iron source foods, vitamin A source foods, unhealthy foods, sweetened beverages, minimum dietary diversity, zero vegetables and fruits, and introduction of solids and semi-solids were calculated from the questions in the food consumption markers form compiled by the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Statistical analyses included descriptive analyses with absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) estimates. In addition to logistic regression adjusted for sex, geographic region, participation in the National cash transfer program – Bolsa Família (BFP) and age for low height-for-age and double burden of malnutrition, and multinomial regression adjusted for sex, geographic region, participation in the National cash transfer program – Bolsa Família (BFP) and age for nutritional status. Results: The prevalence of double burden of malnutrition amounted to 3.9%, low height 13.3%, overweight 15.0% and lean 3.4%. The adjusted models observed a direct association between consumption of iron source foods, vitamin A, minimal dietary diversity, consumption of unhealthy foods, sweetened beverages, and zero vegetables and fruits and the double burden of malnutrition. Conclusion: The forms of malnutrition, including the double burden, has a direct association with indicators of complementary feeding practice. Therefore, we notice that studies that approach the relation of malnutrition and complementary feeding are important since this is a moment of building healthy eating habits and have a direct impact in the children health.
Keywords: Malnutrition; Double Burden of Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Food Consumption; Complementary Feeding; Child; Nutrition Surveillance
Title: PERCEPÇÕES CORPORAIS E COMENSALIDADE NOS MEMES DA PANDEMIA
Author: Lorena Silva Ribeiro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract: The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 led to abrupt changes in the daily lives of people all around the planet. The necessary adaptations to new prevention measures, mainly social distancing, led to changes in routine, which, combined with stress, also a result of the pandemic, gave prominence to widespread concerns about vulnerability to overeating and weight gain. These fears were reflected in an explosion of memes about the body and the act of eating. Memes, in the Brazilian digital context, act not only as expressions, but also as instruments for interpreting the environment. So, when we observe its consumption, we can understand how Brazilian society faced up to the pandemic period. To do this, we analyzed memes shared on social networks during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to understand how memes were used to express negotiations related to the body and food consumption during the period. The study is based on a qualitative approach, of an exploratory and interpretative nature, supported by the theoretical assumptions of Social and Human Sciences. The theoretical foundation of this research is based on: the theory of memetics, exploring the phenomenon of meme consumption in the digital space and its influence as a social practice in the Brazilian context; on the emergence of a toxic positivity, as described by Han, within the reality of postmodern societies; on the theories of Laughter and the Laughable; and on the assumptions underlying the construction of the perception of the sensitive body in these circumstances. We decided on the Discourse Analysis methodology, as a way of discussing the senses and meanings of memes based on the relations with laughter theories. Our aim was to understand the manifestations of language in memes, considering that it is a symbolic game that goes beyond a naive reading of the comic. A total of 100 memes were analyzed and discussed, ordered and grouped into 5 Theme Categories: Food as a marker of routine, Consumption of alcoholic beverages, Weight Gain, Fitness Project and New eating habits. We realized that the memes indicated the internalization of a moral discourse based on a cultural standard of thinness. However, we observed that the pandemic seems to have opened a space for renegotiating discourses on healthy eating. The valorization of the active body and dietary practices from the fitness universe were incorporated into the defense of healthy eating as a protector of immunity. Food was reported as a source of pleasure, being a highlight in the monotonous routine that was experienced; weight gain was treated as a collective issue in a way that, although still seen as a mistake, it was inevitable, which made it acceptable, and therefore laughable. Furthermore, the memes indicated a change in individuals’ self-responsibility discourses in relation to maintaining an active body, giving way to the relaxation of tensions, along with an adjustment of expectations to the possible reality in the pandemic.
Keywords: Food Consumption. Social media. Body Perception
Title: MARCADORES DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E TRAJETÓRIAS DE CRESCIMENTO DURANTE OS PRIMEIROS ANOS DE VIDA: DADOS INDIVIDUAIS DO SISTEMA DE VIGILÂNCIA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL (SISVAN)
Author: Nathália Teixeira de Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: INVESTIGAÇÃO DOS LOCAIS DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS SEGUNDO A SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NÍVEIS DE INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR NO BRASIL E REGIÕES
Author: Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2023
Abstract: Introduction: Ensuring equal and fair access to places where food is obtained plays an essential role in food and nutritional security. A well-developed food trade tends to offer greater diversity of healthy foods, contributing to reducing food insecurity (FI). On the other hand, in regions with limited access to adequate establishments and poor infrastructure, FI may be more prevalent. Objective: To evaluate food acquisition locations according to food security and levels of FI in Brazilian families. Methods: Microdata from the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey were used, analyzing a representative sample of 55,920 households. Food acquisition was collected through records from the household’s collective acquisition notebook over a seven-day period. Food acquisition locations were grouped according to their characteristics into supermarkets, small markets, and fairs/farmers’ markets. Food security (SA) and levels of food insecurity (IA) were analyzed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Prevalence was estimated according to food acquisition locations based on food security (FS) and household levels of FI in the country and regions. Results: Fairs/farmers’ markets showed similar prevalences among households in food security and levels of FI. Regarding macro-regions, households in FS located in the Northeast region preferred to make their purchases at small markets (43.2%), while in the South (54.9%), Southeast (53.6%), and Midwest (52%), supermarket purchases were significantly higher (p-value<0.001). In the North and Northeast regions, small markets were the main food acquisition locations among households with mild FI (48.3% and 49.5%, respectively; p-value<0.001), while in the South, Southeast, and Midwest regions, supermarkets were the main food acquisition locations among families in the same FI condition (51%, 51.4%, 47.5% respectively; p-value<0.001). In all macro-regions, small markets were the main food acquisition locations for households with severe forms of FI, being significant in the North and Northeast regions (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of considering the availability and accessibility of different food acquisition locations when analyzing access to adequate food captured by the FI indicator. They also emphasize the need for policies and programs aimed at improving access to healthy and quality food, especially for families in moderate or severe FI situations, who tend to depend more on small markets.
Keywords: : Food supply, food insecurity, food environments, socioeconomic factors, household budget survey.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS, ASPECTOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E EXCESSO DE PESO EM ESCOLARES RESIDENTES NO BIOMA DA MATA ATLÂNTICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO DAS OSTRAS, RJ
Author: Alessandra Alegre de Matos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Introduction: The increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) occurs in parallel with the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In addition, the social inequality present in Brazil has impacted the nutritional situation of children. Objective: To identify UPF consumption and its association with sociodemographic determinants and overweight in schoolchildren from the municipal school system located in the surroundings and supplied by the micro basins of the Jundiá and Ostras rivers in the Atlantic Forest biome of the municipality of Rio das Ostras, RJ. Methods: Crosssectional observational study comprising 420 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years. Food consumption data were collected using the Previous Day Food Questionnaire; anthropometric data through weight, and height; and sociodemographic data, through a self-administered questionnaire. For the analysis of food consumption, the NOVA classification was used and the nutritional status was classified, according to the BMI/age-Wand maternal schooling, family income, family allowance, and skin color were analyzed. Results: It was observed that the consumption of UPA by the students in the diet of the previous day was 98.2% and the most cited foods were the biscuit and bread group, soft drinks and artificial juices, and chocolate milk with milk. As for sociodemographic data, 67.3% of maternal schooling was > 8 years of study; 43.3% of parents or guardians received more than 1 to 2 minimum wages; 48.1% were beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família, and 73.7% self-reported as brown and black. 30.1% and 14.8% of students were overweight and obese, respectively. There was an association between higher body mass index and lower yogurt consumption (p<0.009). The non-beneficiary group of the Bolsa Família had a consumption of 60.8% of chocolate milk with milk compared to 43.2% of the beneficiary group (p<0.045). Brown and black schoolchildren consumed 81.7% of cookies and bread compared to 62.2% of whites (p<0.025). Conclusion: The consumption of ultra-processed foods was high among schoolchildren. Considering the study variables, not being a beneficiary of the Bolsa Família Program and being brown and black were determinants for the consumption of ultra-processed foods while being overweight was not associated with this food group. Public policies aimed at the school environment are suggested for students residing in the Atlantic Forest biome, with educational activities on food and nutrition with children and their guardians.
Keywords: diet, food and nutrition, food consumption, overweight, obesity, schoolchildren
Title: EVOLUÇÃO DE FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR RELACIONADOS AO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E CONTROLE METABÓLICO DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM DIABETES TIPO 1 NO PERÍODO DA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19
Author: Daniella Rodriguez Curval
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS E INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR EM DOMICÍLIOS CHEFIADOS POR PESSOAS IDOSAS DO BRASIL
Author: Eloah Costa de Sant Anna Ribeiro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Population aging in Brazil is not associated with equity. These factors place the elderly in a situation of fragility and vulnerability, the presence of social inequality being inherent. Given the economic and social context, access to food in adequate and sufficient quantity can have repercussions on possible levels of food insecurity. Objective: To analyze social inequalities in the elderly and in households headed by the elderly and their influence on levels of food and nutrition insecurity. Methods: Crosssectional, descriptive and analytical study with a sample of older people and households with older family heads, based on microdata from the Family Budget Survey, carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in the 2017-2018 biennium. Investigations were carried out on the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the elderly, as well as the FI, measured using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. It was analyzed, considering the respective sample weights, the mean, standard error and the t-student test, as well as the percentages, confidence intervals and regression analyses, being multinomial (article 1) and logistic (article 2). Results: 26,199 elderly individuals were identified and, of these, 16,314 were considered heads of household. Regions with better living conditions were identified, such as the Southeast and South, and higher proportions of older people lived in these regions. The South region included a higher proportion of self-reported white people; the Southeast region has higher schooling; the North and Northeast regions were associated with the worst social indicators. Lower education and income were found to guide the highest level of FI in households headed by the elderly, and may also be associated with other characteristics such as gender, race and place of residence of the family’s household. It was understood that the FI situation was presented in addition to income, but correlated to the place of residence in the North and Northeast regions; the female sex; the self-declared race/color black, yellow and indigenous; low education level; and the non-guarantee of receiving social benefits or retirement and pension. Conclusion: Social markers impact the quality of life of the older people in the macro-regions of Brazil, and may be associated with the situation of FI. The data intensify the need for a different look at the population aging in Brazil.
Keywords: Older People; Social differences; Food and nutrition security; and Food Insecurity.
Title: HÁBITOS DE REALIZAÇÃO DE DESJEJUM, ALMOÇO E JANTAR EM ADOLESCENTES BRASILEIROS
Author: Geisa Gabriela Barbosa Rodrigues
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Meal habits are important because of their possible impact on health and nutrition and because they are related to the quality of the diet. The objective of the study was to evaluate eating habits and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and anthropometric indicators in Brazilian adolescents. Data from 71,740 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age enrolled in the last three years of Elementary and High School, in public and private schools participating in the ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents), carried out in 2013-14, study were analyzed. cross-sectional, multicenter, school-based and nationally representative. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour recall, including reports of foods consumed the day before the interview, amounts, preparation method, place and time of consumption. Information about consumption time was used to identify consumption occasions. To designate the meals, the method used was the initial establishment of a time range for each main meal according to food markers, and then the first food event during the estimated period of time for assessing the nutritional composition of the meals. The explanatory variables explored regarding the association with eating habits were: sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age group, skin color, type of school, study shift and geographic region), lifestyle (sleep duration, practice of physical activity and screen time) and anthropometric indicators (weight condition and waist circumference). For that, binary logistic regression models were used. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SAS® software (Statistical Analysis System) On Demand for Academics, considering sample weights and the effect of sample design. The proportion of adolescents who ate breakfast, lunch and dinner were 77%, 96% and 95%, respectively. There was a greater chance of skipping breakfast among girls (OR: 1.3); public school students (OR: 1.5) and afternoon shift (OR: 1.5); residents of the southeast (OR: 1.5) and south (OR: 2.2) regions; those with inappropriate sleep duration (OR: 1.4); sedentary (OR: 1.3) and those who reported high screen time (OR: 1.3) Skipping lunch was associated with studying in the afternoon (OR: 2.6), living in the Southeast region (OR:1.8) and being overweight (OR: 1.4). Skipping dinner was associated with being female (OR: 1.4) and living in the northern region (OR: 1.5). Studying in the afternoon was associated with less skipping dinner (OR: 0.6). The most consumed food groups in these meals included typical and traditional foods of the Brazilian diet, such as coffee, milk, rice and beans, and unhealthy foods such as soft drinks, pizzas, fried and baked snacks and sweets. Eating lunch and dinner was almost universal in the investigated group, however, breakfast was skipped by a significant portion of these adolescents. Being female and studying in the afternoon were the conditions with the highest chance of skipping meals. Eating habits should be the target of strategies to promote healthy eating.
Keywords: Adolescent. Brazil. Food Consumption. Meal Habits.
Title: EFEITO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE VITAMINA D E CÁLCIO SOBRE A RESISTÊNCIA À INSULINA EM GESTANTES COM PERIODONTITE ATENDIDAS NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Author: Hellen Cristine de Souza Ataliba
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is considered a physiological metabolic condition during pregnancy. However, inflammatory pathologies such as periodontal disease (PD) can increase IR during the gestational period, contributing to undesirable outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Studies on vitamin D and calcium supplementation in pregnant women show favorable results in controlling IR and preventing GDM. Objective: To analyze the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on the variation of insulin resistance and sensitivity indices in pregnant women with periodontitis treated in Primary Care. Methodology: Randomized clinical feasibility trial with 69 pregnant women carried out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was considered as elebibility criterea women aged 18 to 45 years, with gestational age (GA) ≤ 20 weeks and diagnosed with PD were included. Diagnoses of HIV/AIDS, syphilis, diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disease, hyperparathyroidism, history of kidney stones or family history of kidney stone, lactose intolerance or milk allergy, extensive dental cavity or severe dental caries were considered as exclusion criteria. Pregnant women were grouped into Intervention Group (IG), which received milk sachets fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D and 500 mg of calcium, and Control Group (CG), which received milk sachets without vitam D and Calcium (placebo). The participants were instructed to consume the sachets with semi-skimmed milk powder twice a day throughout pregnancy and the evaluations took place at two times: in the second trimester (baseline) and in the third trimester of pregnancy. Sociodemographic information, anthropometry, nutritional status and periodontal parameters of the participants were collected at baseline (in the first gestational trimester). Dietary intake, biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides, serum vitamin D and serum calcium were collected at baseline and during the third gestational trimester. The IR was evaluated using the predictors Triglyceride glucose index (TyG), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Baseline differences among IG and CG were fitted using chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact) and Student’s t test (or Wilcoxon-MannWhitney) test to evaluate proportions, and mean (median) values, respectively. Lastly, linear mixed-effects (LME) models were applied to mesure the effect of terciles of Vitamin D and calcium intake on TyG, HOMA-IR and QUICKI. Results: The increase in the TyG index was positively associated with the increase in GA in the unadjusted (ß=0.01; SD=0.003; p-value0.05). Conclusion: There was no effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on IR in pregnant women with PD.
Keywords: pregnant woman, periodontitis, insulin resistance, vitamin D and calcium supplementation.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DE INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS E METABÓLICOS DE INDIVÍDUOS COM OBESIDADE, SUBMETIDOS AO BYPASS GÁSTRICO EM Y-DE- ROUX E SLEEVE EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO NO RIO DE JANEIRO: UM ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL
Author: Hilana Moreira Paiva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial and difficult to control disease, recognized worldwide as a public health problem. It is also a risk factor for other morbidities such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver diseases. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its comorbidities, with focus on the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve techniques. However, the effects of these anatomically distinct techniques on the anthropometric and biochemical indicators of patients are not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate biochemical, anthropometric and clinical indicators of obese individuals undergoing BMS through RYGB and Sleeve techniques. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, with data collected from medical records and records of the nutrition team of the Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica (PROCIBA) at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF). Individuals of both sexes, adults and elderly, diagnosed with severe obesity were included and divided into two groups according to the surgical technique to which they were submitted. Anthropometric data (body weight, height and waist (WC), abdomen (AC) and hip (HC)) circumferences were analyzed and the body mass index (BMI) and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) were calculated. Biochemical data such as lipidogram, blood count, electrolytes and markers of renal and hepatic function were also evaluated, as well as the presence of morbidities. All variables were analyzed in the preoperative period, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively (PO). For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used, considering p<0.05. Results: 91 individuals were included (RYGB = 45; Sleeve = 46). In the PO of 6 months, the Sleeve group presented class I obesity and the RYGB group, class II. After 12 months, the groups presented class I obesity. In both techniques, there was a significant reduction in all anthropometric indicators from baseline to 12 months and from the 6th to the 12th PO month. However, a greater reduction in body weight and WC was observed between 6 and 12 months PO in the RYGB. The BMI showed a greater reduction in this group, both when comparing the baseline period to 12 months and from 6 to 12 months of PO. However, the loss of excess body weight was not different between the techniques. Considering the glycemic profile, both techniques promoted a reduction in glycemia comparing the baseline period with 6 and 12 months PO, however, only RYGB promoted a reduction in glycated hemoglobin A during the baseline follow-up up to 12 months. For the lipid profile, the techniques obtained similar results, with an increase in HDL-c throughout the period evaluated, an increase in total cholesterol (TC), particularly in the first 6 months PO, reduction in LDL-c, of 6 to 12 months PO, reduction of VLDL-c, triglycerides and total lipids to 6 and 12 months PO. Considering the blood count, both techniques also promoted a reduction in red blood cells in the baseline comparison up to 12 months PO. Analyzing hematocrit variation, both techniques showed a reduction from baseline to 12 months PO. Regarding liver function, Sleeve promoted a reduction in Glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) from baseline to 12 months and from 6 to 12 months PO, but glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) decreased in both techniques from baseline to 6 and 12 months PO. Analyzing other hepatic indicators, gamma glutamyl transferase decreased from baseline to 6 and 12 months PO in both groups. In RYGB, total bilirubin increased from baseline to 6 and decreased from 6 to 12 months PO, whereas in Sleeve it increased from baseline to 6 and 12 months PO. Direct bilirubin only reduced in RYGB from baseline to 12 months PO. Regarding the renal markers, it was observed in the variation of urea values, that there was a reduction from the baseline to 12 months in RYGB, even observing that this indicator increased from 6 to 12 months PO. Creatinine reduced in Sleeve. Concerning plasma proteins, RYGB promoted a reduction in total protein (TP) from baseline to 12 and from 6 to 12 months PO, while, in Sleeve, TP increased in the same period. Albumin, on the other hand, increased from baseline to 12 months PO only in the Sleeve. Sodium electrolyte increased in Sleeve and RYGB from baseline to 6 and 12 months PO. Only in the Sleeve there was an increase in the variation of potassium from baseline to 12 months. In the comparison between surgery groups, RYGB remained more effective in improving the glycemic profile and Sleeve showed a greater reduction in GPT at 6 and 12 months PO. Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were effective in weight loss, with no differences between groups, but RYGB resulted in greater variation in these anthropometric indicators. RYGB was more effective in improving the glycemic profile. Both techniques were similar in terms of improving the lipid profile and reducing blood count markers. Regarding liver markers, RYGB promoted more positive changes in the set of indicators, although Sleeve stood out in reducing GPT. For renal markers, the Sleeve stands out for its reduction in creatinine, despite the increase in the electrolytes evaluated. In general, it is considered that the two techniques analyzed resulted in general metabolic improvement.
Keywords:
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DA INGESTÃO DE BARRA DE CEREAL FORTIFICADA COM QUERCETINA SOBRE VARIÁVEIS CORPORAIS, BIOQUÍMICAS E DESEMPENHO FÍSICO DE MILITARES: ENSAIO CLÍNICO RANDOMIZADO CONTROLADO POR PLACEBO
Author: Jaqueline Moreira Curtis Peixoto
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: The use of antioxidant compounds, such as quercetin, has aroused interest due to the need to alleviate oxidative stress and muscle fatigue associated with military training, and thus optimize physical performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ingestion of a cereal bar fortified with quercetin on body, biochemical and physical performance variables of Brazilian Navy Marines. In a randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial, 18 military personnel were assigned to a quercetin (n=9) and placebo (n=9) group. Anthropometric and body composition (double x-ray absorption bone densitometry) indicators, biochemical profile (lipid profile markers and cell damage) and physical performance (running, handgrip and long jump tests) were evaluated at baseline and after 58 days of nutritional intervention. Food consumption was also evaluated (5 24-hour recalls during the study). After 58 days of treatment, the quercetin group showed a reduction in fat mass, an increase in lean mass, a reduction in running time, and an increase in jump distance after the running. Comparing the groups studied, the placebo performed better in the handgrip test (right hand), after the runs performed at T0 and T58. Placebo and quercetin showed an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol (pre-physical test), however, this increase was lower in the quercetin group. The results obtained in this study suggest that quercetin was able to optimize the response to physical training, reinforcing the evidence of its ergogenic potential. However, more research is needed in order to confirm the effects of quercetin and establish specific doses and administration time, aiming at improving physical performance.
Keywords: military training; high intensity exercise; quercetin; body composition; cell damage biomarkers; lipid profile.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A ESCOLARIDADE MATERNA E O CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS EM CRIANÇAS BRASILEIRAS MENORES DE CINCO ANOS: RESULTADOS DO ESTUDO NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO INFANTIL (ENANI-2019)
Author: Juliana Vieira de Castro Mello
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Background: Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been increasing worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been highly associated to children UPF consumption, but it is unclear whether this association has the same direction in different child’s age groups. Objective: To estimate the association between maternal schooling and UPF group consumption in Brazilian children in different age groups, under 5y. Methods: This is a subproject derived from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI2019), a household-based population survey. We evaluated 14,558 children under 5y residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to define the UPF consumption, with 9 groups of UPF (defined according to the NOVA classification) on the day before the interview. Maternal schooling was categorized as ≤7; 8-11 and ≥12 years of schooling. Means, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval of UPF consumption were described. A multiple Poisson regression model, including an interaction term between maternal schooling and the child‟s age, was performed. The confounders were selected using a Directed Acyclic Graph. Predicted values of UPF consumption were estimated from this interaction. Results: The prevalence of consumption of at least one UPF group was 81% in Brazilian children. The most consumed UPF groups were savory biscuits/cookies (51.0%), followed by sweetened beverages (37.5%). Children 6−11 months old had lower average number of UPF consumption when maternal schooling was >12 years (0.73[95%CI:0.48−0.98]) compared to ≤7 (1.55[95%CI:1.18−1.92]) and 8-11 (1.40[95%CI:1.19−1.61]. In the adjusted interaction model, children with black mothers had higher consumption of UPF groups (β=0.10;p=0.006]) compared to white ones. There was a statistically significant interaction between maternal schooling and child age (p
Keywords: Food Consumption; Ultra-processed food; Child Nutrition.
Title: ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE VITAMINA B12 E FOLATO EM CRIANÇAS BRASILEIRAS DE 6 A 59 MESES: DADOS DO ESTUDO NACIONAL DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO INFANTIL (ENANI-2019)
Author: Keronlainy Silva Salvatte Nunes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Background: Vitamin B12 and folate are essential nutrients for adequate child growth and development, but little is known about the status of these vitamins in Brazilian children under 5 years of age and there is little information on the relationship between serum folate concentrations and Vitamin B12 deficiency in this age group. Aim: To describe the nutritional status of vitamin B12 and folate and estimate the direction and magnitude of the association between high serum folate concentrations and vitamin B12 deficiency in Brazilian children aged 6 to 59 months old. Methods: Data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019), a household-based population survey conducted in 123 Brazilian municipalities in the 26 states of the Federation and the Federal District, with children under five years of age. The ENANI-2019 sample is representative of Brazilian macro-regions, age groups, and sex. Data from 7,417 children aged 6 to 59 months who had information on vitamin B12 and serum folate concentrations were analyzed in the present study. Children with serum vitamin B12 concentrations 45.3nmol/L were classified as having high folate concentrations. Statistical analysis included crude and adjusted logistic regression models. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was constructed to define the adjustment of the models. The DAG allows the identification of the minimum but sufficient set of adjustment variables (age, maternal formal education, consumption of foods sources of folate, and consumption of ultraprocessed foods). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. All analyzes considered the complex sample design. Results: In Brazil, 14.1% (95%CI: 12.2; 16.1) of children aged 6 to 59 months had vitamin B12 deficiency, 1.1% (95%CI: 0.5; 1.6) had folate deficiency and 36.9% (95%CI: 33.4; 40.3) had high folate concentrations. A higher prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in children from the North region of Brazil compared with children from other macro-regions. The prevalence was also higher in children aged 6 and 23 months (compared with those older than 24 months), who had mothers with lower years of formal education (0-7 years of schooling vs. 8 years or more) and classified in the lowest tertile of the National Wealth Index (IEN) (compared with those classified in the 3rd tertile). Children with high serum folate concentrations had 59% lower odds (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.30; 0.57) of having vitamin B12 deficiency, compared with children without high concentrations. Conclusion: More than one out of ten Brazilian children had vitamin B12 deficiency in Brazil, folate deficiency (1.1%) is not a public health problem, and more than 30% of children had high folate concentrations. Children with high serum folate concentrations were less likely to have vitamin B12 deficiency.
Keywords: Vitamin B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, High folate concentrations, Children.
Title: CONSUMO ALIMENTAR, CARGA GLICÊMICA E INDICADORES LABORATORIAIS DE PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1 EM USO DO MÉTODO DE CONTAGEM DE CARBOIDRATOS
Author: Larissa Almenara Abreu Moreira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is characterized as an autoimmune disease whose chronic occurrence of hyperglycemia is due to the interruption of insulin production. To date, there is no cure for DM1 and treatment involves a tripod: use of exogenous insulin therapy to restore blood glucose concentrations, nutritional therapy and regular physical activity. Carbohydrate counting (CCHO) and dietary glycemic load (GL) calculation strategies impact blood glucose control. Therefore, the evaluation of GC in patients with DM1 using CCHO will allow analyzing the effect of food consumption on biochemical and anthropometric indicators and on gastrointestinal symptoms. The present study aimed to compare food consumption, dietary GC, laboratory indicators and gastrointestinal symptoms of individuals in the control group and those with DM1 using the CCHO method and also in groups of patients with DM1 divided by type of treatment and CCHO. Material and methods This is an observational, prospective cohort study, with 20 individuals with DM1 using CCHO (TG) and 16 healthy individuals (CG), matched in age and BMI to the GT. Anthropometric, laboratory (lipemia and glycemia), clinical (Bristol scale and gastrointestinal symptoms), food consumption and GL variables were evaluated. Results: Anthropometric, food consumption and GL indicators did not differ between groups. As for laboratory indicators, there was a significant difference between the variables blood glucose (p = 0.00), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.00), estimated mean blood glucose (p = 0.00) and fructosamine (p = 0.00), with the upper values for GT. When comparing dietary intake between CCHO methods (advanced or basic/intermediate), there was a higher intake of calories (p = 0.02), lipids (p = 0.01), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0 .00) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.02) and lower protein intake (p = 0.01) in patients undergoing the advanced method. Both groups had low fiber intake, high sucrose intake and moderate dietary GL. For the different types of insulin treatments, it was seen that fasting glucose (p = 0.04) was higher for individuals on multiple doses of insulin (MDI), and for those on continuous insulin infusion (SICI) system. consumed more MUFA and less CHO. Conclusion: The glycemic profile differed between people with and without DM1. GT and GC had low fiber intake and high sucrose intake, in addition to a moderate GC diet. It was possible to identify that the advanced method of CCHO favors a higher consumption of calories and lipids, with priority for AGMI. Regarding the type of treatment, blood glucose was higher in those undergoing MDI treatment. Individuals in SICI had a higher consumption of MUFA and reduced carbohydrates.
Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate count, glycemic load., food consumption., glycemic control.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS PARA MEDIDA DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO EM REPOUSO EM ADOLESCENTES ATLETAS
Author: Victor Zaban Bittencourt
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2022
Abstract: One of the main components of total energy expenditure is resting energy expenditure (REE), and a appropriate measurement is fundamental for an adequate nutritional prescription for adolescent athletes. The main method to measure REE is the indirect calorimetry (IC), however, your access is complex due to the high cost and with extensive and uncomfortable evaluation protocols. Without access to the equipment, evaluation by prediction equations is recommended. However, the commonly used predictive equations are often not suitable for specific populations making the final value inappropriate. Knowing that accurate energy estimation is crucial for optimal physical performance among athletes and for their development in the pubertal phase, the main objective was to propose prediction equations of REE for Brazilian adolescent athletes, evaluating also the possibility of creating a new shorter protocol method of measurement by IC. For the development of the equations, 98 athletes (42 females), from several sports modalities, measured GER by IC and estimated by the prediction equations that are more prominent in the literature for the target public: Harris and Benedict (HB), Cunningham (CUN), Henry and Rees (HR), Kim (KIM), Reale (RAE) and FAO/WHO/UNU (FAO). Evaluation of the agreement between the equations and IC was conducted by means of Bland-Altman plots and Lin’s correlation coefficient (CCC). The new equations proposal was developed by the forward stepwise linear regression method. The mean GER obtained by CI differed statistically from all equations evaluated except CUN, HB and HR considering the whole sample (p<0.05). Evaluation of the agreement between the equations identified that none proved to be effective for the population. Three equation models were developed, one specific for males, one for females, and one without stratification, with the variables fat mass (MG) and fat free mass (MLG) being the only ones included in the three models. It was observed that the stratified equation for males had the best correlation (r=0.719) and average explanatory (R2=0.517) results against CI. The purpose of the proposal in developing shorter protocols for measuring IC is to reduce the examination time to bring more comfort to the examinee. In a 30- minute examination, comparing the influence of three different assessment methods: Filters, Time-Intervals (TI) and Steady-State (SSt). Sixty-six subjects (30 women) were evaluated, and the 5 min SSt method showed the lowest estimated GER value (1454 kcal/day), having a significant difference between the methods (F=2.607, p=0.04) and with an absolute difference of ~36kcal/day. Twelve minutes of evaluation were sufficient to obtain a GER value within the required standards. Thus, a protocol with approximately 10 min after a 30 min rest period before the examination would be sufficient to obtain a reliable GER value, regardless of the evaluation method.
Keywords: Rest Metabolic Rate, Adolescent Athletes, Indirect Calorimetry, Predictive Equations.
Title: Determinação dos teores de cafeína e ácidos clorogênicos em sementes, cascas de frutos e folhas de novos genótipos de Coffea canephora para seleção de cultivares com foco em saúde
Author: Alessandro Maia Batista
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: COMIDA E REFÚGIO: mudanças e permanências nas práticas alimentares de refugiados sírios
Author: Amanda Cunha Nicolau
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: The conflict in Syria has led to the forced migration of thousands of people. Brazil is one of the few countries that enable the issuance of visas to these individuals. By starting life anew, refugees must face new challenges and get used to the changes imposed by the new situation they are living in, including the food context. This dissertation focused on the feeding practices of Syrian conflict refugees living in Rio de Janeiro. The descriptive study was developed through a qualitative approach, and is aimed at identifying changes and continuity related to eating practices, as well as to describe barriers and facilitators, which contribute to the rupture or continuity of these practices in the post-refuge period. The data were collected through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and simple observation. In order to study the eating practices of subjects, the transcripts were categorized and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The refugees’ interviews revealed points in common that hindered, or even prevented, the remaining of eating practices, common to life in Syria, during the post-refuge period. The barriers to maintaining their feeding habits were related to the difficulty of finding products that belong to Syrian food culture in the local shops; the high cost of these products, when available; lack of time and cooking skills. Regarding the facilitators, participants valued the existence of restaurants and some familiar food, occasionally consumed, motivated by affective memory and reaffirmation of Syrian identity, regardless of the high cost. Maintaining eating practices seems to bring the individual closer to their homeland, even if only partially. The changes were related to the necessity to adapt to the context in which they are involved and to new living conditions, sometimes illustrated by dissatisfaction with the monotony of the Brazilian eating pattern and other times with appreciation for some Brazilian foods. Adaptation is also perceived as a form of integration and belonging to the new environment.
Keywords: refugee, food, Syria, food tradition and culture.
Title: IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES
Author: Christine Katharine Alves Zago Gonçalves Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: Public awareness of global environmental issues has called for sustainable practices in food production. To estimate the impacts of human pressures on the environment, sustainability indicators are used, such as the carbon footprint (CF), ecological footprint (EF) and water footprint (WF). Connecting food choices with nutrient adequacy and environmental protection is crucial. With regard to healthy intake, adolescent athletes are susceptible to nutritional inadequacies, which can compromise health and physical performance. This study sought to analyze the contribution to the diet of adolescent athletest in terms of CF, HW and EF. For this, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 91 adolescent athletes from clubs in Rio de Janeiro, who underwent anthropometric and food consumption assessments. The MannWhitney test was used, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s Pos-Hoc for differences between groups, using the statistical program GraphPad PRISM®️ version 8.0 to perform the analyses. There were variations in the environmental impact of diet by type of school attended, sport and gender. CF, WF and EF were directly associated with total caloric intake, protein intake of animal origin, total protein intake, food group of meat and eggs, and the micronutrient zinc, whereas mineral phosphorus was only associated with CF and EF. The profile of the athlete with the greatest environmental impact is: male, of any age group and public-school student.
Keywords: Food consumption; adolescent athlete; environmental impact; sustainability.
Title: OMISSÃO E SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE REFEIÇÕES E IMC PARA IDADE DE ADOLESCENTES DE UMA ÁREA PROGRAMÁTICA DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Fernanda Bispo dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: : In Brazil, about 25% of adolescents are overweight. Although there are studies that establish the association between high energy intake and irregular consumption of meals with excessive body weight, there are many gaps regarding the relationship of this outcome with irregular meal intake. Objective: Analize the association between meal skipping and replacement by snacks with overweight among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 382 adolescents enrolled between the 5th and the 9th grade of public elementary schools in the programmatic area of the Clínica da Família Santa Marta, located in the south of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The nutritional and anthropometric assessments were carried out between the months of May and July 2016. At the time, a simplified questionnaire was applied, containing questions regarding sociodemographic conditions and about food and meal frequency. Excess weight was defined using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/I) > +1 z-score of the reference recommended by WHO (2007). The Chi-square test (p≤0.05) was applied to assess sociodemographic characteristics (%) according to b BMI categories (with or without overweight) and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Subsequently, logistic regression was used to analyze the association between skipping meals (yes or no) and overweight (yes or no) stratified sex. The model was adjusted by the covariates maternal parity and the Bolsa Família Program benefit. Results: The prevalence of overweight for male and female adolescents were 28.8% and 25.7%, respectively. The frequency of skipping breakfast was higher for overweight girls when compared to non-overweight girls (50% versus 31.6%, p=0.025 respectively), while the frequency of skipping lunch (13.8 % versus 4.8%, p-value=0.027) and dinner (15.5% versus 5.5%, p-value=0.020) were higher among overweight boys compared to non-overweight boys . There was no difference in the proportion of meals replaced by snacks between girls (57.1% versus 58.7%, p-value=0.854) and boys (64.8% versus 70.7%, p-value= 0.424) with excess weight when compared to adolescents without excess weight. Logistic regression analysis showed that skipping dinner increased 3.13 (95%CI: 1.06-9.21) the chance of being overweight among male adolescents, and skipping breakfast increased 2.20 ( 95%CI: 1.10-4.41) the chance of being overweight in females. There was no association (p-value>0.05) for the replacement of meals with snacks and the chance of being overweight in both sexes of adolescents. Conclusion: The omission of breakfast and dinner meals were associated with being overweight, respectively, in male and female adolescents. However, there was no association between replacing meals with snacks and being overweight.
Keywords: Adolescent, Body Mass Index, Meal Consumption
Title: CONSUMO ALIMENTAR E POLIMORFISMO DO GENE FADS2 EM PACIENTES COM DOENÇA INFLAMATÓRIA INTESTINAL
Author: Larissa Barros Pinto Franco
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that preferentially affects the gastrointestinal tract, its main manifestations being Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is an idiopathic disease, however, influenced by several factors such as environmental, genetic, intestinal microbiota and immune response. Of the environmental ones, the diet has an important role in improving or worsening the clinical condition, and its relationship with genetic susceptibility has recently been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of the usual food intake of energy, macro and micronutrients and the profile of the n6 / n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in required DC and RCU in activity and remission and compare it with a control group. Additionally, it describes the prevalence of polymorphism (SNP) in the FADS2 gene groups and its association with clinical, anthropometric and lipid intake data. METHODS: 141 participants were selected, 50 with CD, 42 with RCU and 49 controls, aged between 20 and 65 years, attended at the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho. Clinical and sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference were collected, in addition to the collection of food consumption through three 24-hour recalls. Dietary intake was analyzed using the Dietbox program and estimated using the Multiple Source Method (MSM). For genetic evaluation, the volunteers’ saliva (DC n = 50; RCU n = 2; Control n = 21) was collected, for subsequent DNA extraction and genotyping through the polymerase chain reaction in real time with TaqMan probes to identify polymorphism without FADS2 SNP rs174575 gene. Statistical analyzes were performed using the STATA® software version 13.0, using the T-Student, ANOVA One-Way, Kruskal Wallis tests to compare continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables. In the case of data referring to SNP rs174575, the Hardy-Weinberg test was used to verify the homogeneity of genetic variability. The comparison of data between owners with and without polymorphism occurred using the Mann Whitney test. The results were considered when p <0.05. RESULTS: A higher frequency was observed for females, with ileocolonic localization for CD and pancolitis for UC, with the use mainly of joint therapy in CD and a higher prevalence of weight in DII groups. Regarding food intake, higher values were observed and in relation to sugar consumption, total lipids, trans fatty acids (AGT), monounsaturated (AGMI), AGPI n3 and AGPI n6 in the DC remission group when compared to the DC activity, in addition to statistical difference intake of micronutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorus. The AGPI n6 / n3 ratio was higher in the DC activity group compared to the DC remission and control groups. In the case of UC, there was a higher consumption of sugar and AGT when compared to the control and DC activity groups, respectively, in addition to a lower intake of vitamin A in both UC groups in comparison with the control. In general, when analyzing the perspective of nutritional recommendations, patients with IBD have low consumption of potassium, calcium, magnesium and vitamins A, C, E and B9, and high sodium. As for the evaluation of the SNP, it was observed that the presence of the studied polymorphism (CG + GG) did not differ in the comparison of the control group with the DC (p = 0.275) and RCU (p = 0.211) groups, nor did it diverge the lipid consumption between search with IBD without and with polymorphism. CONCLUSION: The inadequate intake of micronutrients added to the high consumption of TFA and the disproportionate ratio of PUI n6 / n3 contributes negatively to the nutritional status and inflammatory profile characteristic of the disease, making it necessary to adapt the diet to the clinical condition of patients with IBD. Furthermore, the data from this experimental study that the genetic variability of the FADS2 gene, considering the SNP rs174575, does not seem to be susceptible to IBD.
Keywords: Inflammatory bowel diseases, diet, AGPI n6 / n3 ratio, polymorphism.
Title: ESTRATÉGIAS ALIMENTARES EM UM TERRITÓRIO DE POBREZA: O CASO DE JARDIM GRAMACHO
Author: Letícia da Silva Coutinho
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: Brazil is a country characterized by great inequality, in which poverty is part of a historical process that goes beyond income and loss of rights, and Food and Nutritional Insecurity scenarios affect thousands of families. To survive, subjects come up with different strategies and build meanings around food, which has been considered a key element to understand the dynamics and practices of survival in territories of poverty. Immersed in this reality is the territory close to the Jardim Gramacho Metropolitan Landfill, in the Jardim Gramacho neighborhood, Duque de Caxias-RJ. In this field of research, our goal was to understand the cultural and socioeconomic aspects surrounding eating strategies in the territory. This study was based on a qualitative, exploratory and interpretive approach, based on theoretical assumptions from the Social and Human Sciences. We included journalistic articles for analysis, which provided data for historicization, and a documentary, which fed us with questions for problematization. These were complementary steps in the analysis of the narratives of specific agents in the development of strategies, object of this study in the field. We chose to analyze the narratives about how to get food in a scenario of such hostility in light of Pierre Bourdieu’s praxiological theory about forces in the field of symbolic struggles. In these materials, we can see how the State is silent concerning issues of hunger and poverty, so social projects act in the territory as a third sector towards harm reduction. In this vein, administration and fundraising is carried out by agents that we call transients, who work continuously in this space, despite not being residents. These are authorized agents in the field, engaged in food distribution, who manage the consolidation of rules and the frequency in which donations are dispensed to the residing families. They are responsible for creating conditions for new points of access and strategies, favoring local food. The invisible forces of these agents are naturalized as donation managers; in this position, they are willing to act in favor of human rights and food security, to the extent of being recognized as leaders by the local community. We noticed several types of adaptations, which in the urgency of the need unfold a lack that would be impossible to manage in some secondary gains in favor of survival. Like the donations, these become critical as a mediation between society and local poverty, mobilizing the eyes of people outside this space. We understand that strategies need to go further than the current welfare support system, and advance in guaranteeing the right to food, and that the invisibility of poverty, as a structuring aspect of society, forcibly establishes a relationship of symbolic violence against the local community, which generates isolation and social exclusion.
Keywords: territory; poverty; food strategies.
Title: Avaliação da segurança microbiológica de bebidas de café obtidas por métodos de extração inovadores a frio (coldbrews)
Author: Nathalia Fernandes Cerca
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: Coldbrews (CB) are coffee beverages extracted at low temperatures, for long periods of time, which have been gaining prominence and popularity among consumers. However, few studies have systematically analyzed its physicochemical composition and microbiological safety. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbiological safety of CB prepared from samples of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (conilon coffee) roasted (medium roast) and ground, using innovative cold extraction methods. The following methods were evaluated against intentional water contamination (105 CFU/mL) with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus cereus F4433 vegetative cells: immersion without filter (ISF), immersion with cotton filter (ICF), vacuum (Vac) and dripping (Got), with water at room temperature (TA) and refrigerated (TR), at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. Hot drip (traditional) filter paper (FPP) and filter cloth (FPN) methods were also evaluated for comparison. Analyzes of pH, soluble solids (SS), chlorogenic acids (CGA), caffeine (CAF), trigonelline (TG) and melanoidins (MEL) were conducted. The results were compared by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey and Fisher tests and Pearson correlation, with a significance level of 95%. As the concentration of beverages increased, the higher the levels of SS, CGA, CAF, TG and MEL. Conilon coffee exhibited higher levels of SS (4.90 ± 0.00 ºBrix), CGA (2.70 ± 0.34 g/100 g), CAF (2.17 ± 0.04mg/100g) and MEL (Kmix405nm of 1.690), compared to arabica coffee (4.50 ± 0.00 ºBrix, 1.94 ± 0.31 g/100 g of CGA, 1.06 ± 0.02 g/100 g of CAF, Kmix405nm of 1.446). In arabica and conilon hot brews, E. coli and B. cereus were not detected after preparation. In cold extractions, the microbiological safety of the methods increased with the content of SS 24 and all compounds evaluated, with the concentration of powder, preparation time, storage up to 24 hours and water temperature (TA in relation to TR). There was a reduction in the population of E. coli, in log CFU/mL, from 0.97 ± 0.07 to 5.18 ± 0.09 for the ISF method; 1.36 ± 0.02 to 5.13 ± 0.03 for ICF; 0.10 ± 0.01 to 5.04 ± 0.04 for Vac; 0.86 ± 0.08 to 5.20 ± 0.07 for Got). When comparing the behavior of E. coli and B. cereus, the second was more sensitive to the antimicrobial action of coffeebrews, not being detected after 24 hours of extraction and/or storage in the drinks obtained by the ISF and Vac 15% and ICF and Got at all concentrations. It is concluded that in the absence of thermal processing as in traditional methods, CB more concentrated (15%) and produced from the immersion and dripping methods at TA are preferable due to the high content of soluble solids and bioactive compounds that contribute for the microbiological safety of the beverage.
Keywords: Coffee; coldbrew; cold extraction; food safety; chlorogenic acids; caffeine; melanoidins.
Title: IMPACTO DOS ÓLEOS DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES DE PALMA (E. guineensis E HÍBRIDA) E AZEITE DE OLIVA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DOENÇA HEPÁTICA GORDUROSA NÃO-ALCOÓLICA EM CAMUNDONGOS ADULTOS
Author: Rafael Carvalho Sales
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since Palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, Hybrid Palm (HP) oil or Olive (O) oil in liver. 24 male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a Control (C) group, fed chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh-Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (Hematoxylin-Eosin) and transcriptome (microarraybased) were performed. ANOVA test with Newman-Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in P group (p<0.001) and body fat in O group (Cvs.O p≤0.01, Pvs.O p≤0.05, HPvs.O p≤0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on VLDL, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase (p≤0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76±1.58), followed by P (33.94±1.13). O had fat amount comparable to C (16.46±0.34, 14.71± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of O group were related to amino acid metabolism and FA metabolism, P group to calcium ion homeostasis and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concern about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.
Keywords:
Title: EFEITO DO CONSUMO DE FÓRMULAS INFANTIS SUPLEMENTADAS COM PREBIÓTICOS NA MICROBIOTA GASTROINTESTINAL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS RANDOMIZADOS
Author: Tarsis Marine da Silva Ferreira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: The development of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the early stages of life is related to the individual’s long-term health. The type of milk (breast milk or infant formula) provided to newborn and infants can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. This study, through a systematic review, aims to describe the relationship between the consumption of infant formula supplemented with prebiotics and a composition of the intestinal microbiota. The protocol of this study has been registered at the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews). Seven databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, FSTA, CINAHAL and Open Grey) were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that met some inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed through the tool RoB 2 (Risk of Bias 2). A total of 3164 abstracts were retrieved, of which 14 were submitted to data extraction, through a form designed specifically for this study. The formulas supplemented with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) were able to stimulate the colonization of the genus Bifidobacterium. For formulas with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) four trials observed an increase in gender and one found no difference between the evaluated groups. Of those that analyzed GOS/FOS supplementation, two trials did not observe an increase in the Bifidobacterium genus, while three studies found differences. The use of polydextrose and GOS, and oligofructose and inulin were also able to increase colonization of the genus. For the phylum Bacteroidetes, only one assay with oligofructose and inulin was able to increase colonization. A single GOS assay was able to increase Lactobacillus counts. Infant formulas with GOS (two studies), polydextrose and GOS and scGOS/lcFOS (one study) reduces Clostridium colonization. And for the Enterobacteriaceae family, a study with oligofructose showed a reduction in the prebiotic group. The effect on the microbiota depends on the type of prebiotic used, the intervention time and the amount of prebiotic supplemented in the formulas. The method of analysis also varied, which may have interfered with the outcomes. More randomized clinical trials with quality are important to define the effects and response of the use of formulas with prebiotics on the development of infants’ microbiota.
Keywords: infant formula; prebiotics; oligossacharide; dietetic fiber; microbiota composition; Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus.
Title: RELAÇÃO ENTRE ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, MARCADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS, DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS E SOBREVIDA EM PACIENTES COM CÂNCER COLORRETAL
Author: Thiago Huaytalla Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide, being the third in both sexes and the disease represents the second leading cause of cancer death. Despite immense efforts to develop advanced treatments for this disease, CRC’s overall survival (OS) remains low. Nutritional status and systemic inflammation are factors of significant relevance in patients with CRC, since it can lead to pathophysiological changes that compromise the intake, digestion and absorption of nutrients, which may compromise the prognosis of the disease. Thus, the main aims of this dissertation were to identify factors associated with the referral of patients with CRC to the Palliative Care Unit (PCU) and to investigate the predictors of SG in different nutritional assessment tools in patients with CRC in the pre-treatment phase. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients with a diagnosis of CRC confirmed by histopathological report, in the pre-treatment phase, aged ≥20 years, of both sexes, enrolled at the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute, between January 2007 to June, were included. 2015, followed for 5 years. The Body Mass Index (BMI), Weight Loss (WL), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment and the BMI-adjusted WL percentage grading system (BMI/%WL), were used to assess the nutritional status. Complete blood count and systemic inflammation data were collected, which were evaluated by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein and albumin. In addition, sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical data were collected. For the statistical analysis, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the point to predict death. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors for referral of patients with CRC to the PCU, generating odds ratios (OR). OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, the Log-rank test that was used to compare the different strata of each variable. Cox’s multivariate proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS and risk ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. In addition, a Harrell (c) concordance statistic was performed. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that tumors in stages III and IV (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.12-3.76) and NLR> 3 (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.12-3.17) were factors associated with the referral of patients to the PCU. Furthermore, severe WL (HR: 2.42; p <0.001; 95% CI: 1.50-3.89) and BMI/%WL 3-4 (HR: 2.01; p = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.34-3.02) were independent predictors of worst OS. Both models had the same area under the ROC curve (c: 0.7) with good discrimination and predictive value. In conclusion, CRC in an advanced stage and exacerbated systemic inflammation were independent factors associated with the referral of patients to the CPU, which occurred late in the course of the disease. The worst nutritional status, according to PP and BMI /% PP, were independent predictors of OS in the pre-treatment phase.
Keywords: Colorectal Neoplasm; Nutritional Status; Inflammation; Prognosis.
Title: DESENVOLVIMENTO E ANÁLISE SENSORIAL DE UM PRODUTO EM PÓ À BASE DE CERVEJAARTESANAL TIPO PALE ALE COM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA
Author: Victor Paulo Ferreira da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2021
Abstract: The objective of this dissertation was to develop and analyze the antioxidant and sensory properties of a powdered product based on craft beer type Pale Ale with Hibiscus sabdariffa through the spray drying method. For the production of craft beer, mineral water, pale ale Weyermann malt, Hersbrucker hops, Nottngham yeast and hibiscus infusion during maturation were used. The beer was subjected to spray drying located in EMBRAPA, RJ. The antioxidant activity was indicated by spectrophotometric assays of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu, FRAP and TEAC. A sensory evaluation was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of Resolution 466/2012 (CONEP), which contemplates the Declaration of Helsinki, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of HUCFF. For the acceptance and purchase intention test, 2 g of the microparticles were diluted in 30 ml of carbonated mineral water and 30 ml of non-carbonated mineral water, distributed at a temperature of 8ºC, in transparent disposable cups (50 ml), coded with 3 random digits. The data obtained were obtained by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test with 95% confidence to compare the means using the XLSTAT® software. The Folin-Ciocalteu, FRAP and TEAC tests dissipated the values of 136.7 mg EAG.g-1, 5506.67 μmol Fe + 2.g-1 and 1840.33 μmol Trolox.g-1. In the present study, 100 participants performed the acceptance test using a 9-point hedonic scale and the purchase intention test. There were no significant differences between the grades attributed through the acceptance test for the attributes: general appearance (6.13 ± 1.8 and 6.01 ± 1.8), color (6.09 ± 1.66 and 5 , 98 ± 1.66) and flavor (5.51 ± 2.05 and 4.98 ± 2.05) of the products reconstituted in carbonated mineral water and still mineral water, respectively. In reference to the purchase intention test, the average of the responses for the sample reconstituted in carbonated water (4.46 ± 2.14) also did not differ when compared to the sample without gas (4.16 ± 2.14). Through the results obtained in the present study, it was possible to conclude that microparticles developed based on pale ale craft beer with Hibiscus sabdariffa present high values for total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity measured by FRAP and TEAC when compared to other studies in the literature. In addition, the presence or absence of gasification in beverages does not differ differences differences in the sensory aspects observed and in the intention to purchase, evidencing its versatility for consumption.
Keywords: acceptance, antioxidant activity, purchase intention, sensory analysis, craft beer, hibiscus.
Title: INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E ADEQUAÇÃO DO GANHO DE PESO EM GESTANTES DE RISCO ATENDIDAS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Author: Aléxia Vieira de Abreu Rodrigues
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Introduction: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important indicator of nutritional status during pregnancy. Inadequate GWG is associated with manternal and child adverse health outcomes. As determinants of this condition, adverse sociodemographic factors such as lower education and income are described. In addition to these, household food insecurity (FI) can be particularly important during pregnancy, given that FI can contribute to nutritional deviations, by limiting access to food, in a life period of greater demand for nutrients for fetal development and growth. Objective: Verify the association between household FI, sociodemographic characteristics and total GPG of pregnant women at risk. Method: This is a study carried out with 169 women in an university hospital (UH) in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred by interview at the first prenatal consultation at the UH and after delivery. In the prenatal visit at the UH, sociodemographic, gestational, were registered, and anthropometric information (pregestational weight and height) collected on the pregnant woman’s card. At this stage, Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) was applied to measure FI in pregnancy. After childbirth, records of gestational age at childbirth, the total number of prenatal consultations and the final weight of the pregnant women were collected from the medical records of the women. Total GPG (kg) was verified by the difference between weight measured at the last prenatal visit (final weight) and pre-pregnancy weight. To check the adequacy of the GPG, the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine was considered. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was adjusted to estimate the effect of AI and other covariates with the GPG, considering 3 levels. Results: About inadequacy GWG, 27.8% (95%CI: 21.0-35.7) of the women had insufficient gain and the excessive gain was observed in and 47.9% (95%CI: 39.8-56.1) pregnant women. Regarding sociodemographic and gestational characteristics, high schooling was observed 74.6% (95%CI: 67.3-80.6) women had between 9 and 15 years of study. Greater proportion of married women (71.6%; 95%CI: 64.2-78.0), age under 35 years (72.5%; 95%CI: 65.1-79.4) and about 51% (95%CI: 43.3-58.4) had less than six prenatal consultations. Exposure to mild FI during pregnancy was seen in 44.2% (95%CI: 36.7-52.0) of women. In the adjusted final model, only schooling was positively associated with a lower risk of insufficient GPG (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: In this way, we highlight education in this population, an important factor to be considered for preventing the risk of inadequate gains of GPG, through measures of counseling and guidance in health during prenatal care.
Keywords: Gestational weight gain, Pregnancy, Food and nutrition security, Social determinants of health.
Title: ALTERAÇÕES NA INSATISFAÇÃO COM A IMAGEM CORPORAL E AUTOESTIMA, APÓS INTERVENÇÃO POR PARES PARA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE EM ADOLENCENTES
Author: Amanda Rodrigues de Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Introduction: The process of dealing with biological changes in parallel with the changes in personality that occur during adolescence, show greater vulnerability during this period of life for the occurrence of dissatisfaction with body image and low self-esteem.. The willingness to make their own choices against the need for peer acceptance, determines the importance of exchanges among adolescents, for the young people to be valued. Peer education has been used for common issues in this age group, as it demonstrates an approach form that addresses their universe, such as young people’s doubts and insecurities. Objective: To evaluate if a peer intervention program among adolescents can modify satisfaction with body image and selfesteem. Methods: This is an intervention study with a convenience sample, with students of both sexes, enrolled in the 7th, 8th and 9th grades of two private middle schools in Rio de Janeiro, one as the intervention group (IG) and another was the control group (CG). The intervention consisted of a total of 122 workshops (duration between 60 and 120 minutes each), including training with multipliers and workshops with their peers. The workshop topics were divided into three modules: media, recreation, family/school. The workshop contents were planned by the research team with flexibility for changes based on the suggestions of the adolescents. In the pre- and post-intervention stages, a self-completed questionnaire (including body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem topics) was applied and anthropometric assessment (weight and height) was performed. The comparison of continuous variables, baseline and after the intervention, in each group was performed using the Student’s t-test and chi-square, McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were used for categorical variables. Results: Body image dissatisfaction did not change between the periods before (75,7%) and after the intervention in the IG school (75,7%), but the desire for smaller silhouettes decreased significantly between both IG (57,4 – 50.9%) and CG (42.9% – 40.7%), after the intervention. Among GI girls the desire to obtain smaller silhouettes has significantly decreased (63.6% – 58.6%), this desire has also decreased among overweight GI participants (84.9% – 80.2%). Self-esteem did not show significant changes in the IG and CG at the end of the study. Conclusion: The intervention favored the reduction of the desire to obtain smaller silhouettes in the IG. The same result was found in the IG and CG among girls and overweight participants. This suggests that factors other than the educational actions carried out in the project may have an influence on the adolescents’ body dissatisfaction.
Keywords: Adolescence, peers, health, intervention, self-esteem, body image.
Title: MATERNIDADE EDITADA: O PROCESSO DE INTRODUÇÃO ALIMENTAR NO INSTAGRAM
Author: Bianca Cristina Camargo Martins
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: After breastfeeding, the introduction of solid foods is the child’s first feeding experience. This stage is full of transformations and possible experiences, assuming a fundamental role in the social relations of mothers. During the introduction of solid foods, some mothers share their children’s eating practices on Instagram, supported by an idea of healthy eating consistent with the guidelines of the Feeding Guide for Child Under Two Year. Thus, our goal was to analyze consumption trends in introducing solid foods in Instagram profile posts. This study was based on a qualitative, exploratory and interpretative approach, based on theoretical assumptions of the Social and Human Sciences. We included for analysis the public profiles, created as a food diary of solid-food introduction, with posts in July 2019, totalling 90 posts from 8 profiles. We opted for content analysis of the captions, biographies and image content, using Bardin’s perspective. The two categories that stood out in the profiles analyzed were: “Child Care” and “Culinary Knowledge”, which concern the way mothers present themselves and edit themselves. Both express symbolic elements present in the constitution of the role of mother in the posts. The profiles point to white, middle-class mothers and indicate consumption trends such as: willingness to offer healthy food to the child, valorization of Baby-Led Weaning, use of amber teething necklace and appropriation of hashtags. We associate consumption and trends with this way of being. We observed an edited, romanticized and idealized motherhood, characterizing a pattern that deviates from the reality presented in the theoretical framework, in which mothers often have common doubts, difficulties, fears and anxieties during the introduction of solid foods. The material resources triggered by the mothers in the construction of the profiles, in addition to their native functions, served to characterize the mother-role we sought to identify in the study. We conclude that healthy eating recommendations for children act socially as rules, having effects on eating practices and circumscribing the maternal universe in the introduction of solid foods. The social force of the Nutrition field’s scientific discourse circulates on Instagram, structuring social relations and editing the motherhood of these mothers.
Keywords: introducing solid foods; maternity; Instagram; consumer trends
Title: EFEITO DO OXYRESVERATROL EM CÉLULAS DE CÂNCER DE MAMA HUMANO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM OS QUIMIOTERÁPICOS DOXORRUBICINA E MELFALANO
Author: Carlos Luan Alves Passos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the one responsible for most deaths in women in the world. Chemotherapy with the use of antineoplastic agents such as Doxorubicin (DOX) and Melfalan (MEL) is used in the treatment of breast cancer, however, this type of therapy acts not only on tumor cells, but also on healthy cells, resulting in side effects known. It is known that natural products can act by preventing the tumor formation process, in addition to presenting reduced toxicity when compared to conventional therapy. The polyphenols Polydatin (POLY) found in the grape and the Oxyresveratrol (OXY) found in blackberry have several biological effects described, however, their mechanisms of action in breast cancer are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of POLY, OXY and chemotherapy drugs Doxorubicin (DOX) and Melphalan (MEL), isolated and associated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell cultures. In MCF10A cells, a non-tumor cells, POLY and OXY showed no cytotoxicity effects and POLY does not present cytotoxic effect in tumor cells. Besides, our results showed that OXY, DOX and MEL presented cytotoxicity in MCF-7 with IC50 of 164.10 µM, 22.60 µM and 155.50 µM, and for MDA-MB-231 287.08 µM, 32.55 µM and 240.26 µM, respectively, after 24 hours of treatment and with morphological changes observed from light microscopy. The association of OXY, DOX and MEL reduced the cell viability in a dosedependent manner with decrease of 4.0- and 5.0-fold the concentrations of DOX and MEL in MCF-7, respectively, and 16-fold the concentrations of DOX and MEL in MDA-MB231. The OXY, DOX, MEL, OXY + DOX and OXY + MEL alter the reactive oxygen species production and also ∆Ψm in breast cancer cells. The OXY, DOX or MEL, and associations were able to alter the cell cycle, DOX and OXY + DOX leads the cells to necrosis, besides OXY was able to lead the cells to apoptosis and upregulate caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, our results demonstrated the in vitro anti-breast cancer effect of OXY and its associations with chemotherapeutic agents, however not in non-tumor cells, suggesting that this bioactive compound may be considered as a promising candidate for clinical trials.
Keywords:
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DA FREQUÊNCIA DAS REFEIÇÕES DO PLANO ALIMENTAR HIPOCALÓRICO NA PERDA DE PESO CORPORAL, GLICEMIA, LIPEMIA, GRELINA PLASMÁTICA E GASTO ENERGÉTICO DE MULHERES COM OBESIDADE
Author: Érika Duarte Grangeiro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, complex and epidemic disease, of great importance in a public health. The dietary approach is essential to control the disease in any class of excess body weight, but the influence of changes in meal frequency (MF) as a strategy for loss and maintenance of body mass has been questioned. Studies have shown contradictory results regarding the influence of MF on body weight control, energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic indicators, particularly in individuals with obesity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of MF on a hypocaloric diet on weight loss, body composition, blood glucose, lipid profile, active ghrelin and EE of women with obesity. METHODS: This is a randomized, parallel clinical trial, including 40 adult women with obesity, who received an individualized hypocaloric diet consisting of six (G1) or three (G2) meals per day. Dietary, eating behavior (Scale of Periodic Alimentary Compulsion – SPAC), laboratory (blood glucose, active ghrelin and lipid profile), anthropometric and body composition indicators were evaluated using electrical bioimpedance, in addition to the resting metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry, before and at 90 days after the dietary intervention. Kolmogorov-Smirnorv test was applied to analyze the normality of the results and the paired and unpaired t tests were applied to the normal distribution, such as Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon when the distribution was not normal, considering p-value˂0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: The volunteers had obesity class I and II, high waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF) and insulin resistence (IR). Dietary consumption did not differ before and after the intervention between the groups, however, G1 reduced the lipids intake (p = 0.03) and increased the MF (p˂0.01), while G2 reduced carbohydrates (%) (p˂ 0.01) and the MF (p˂0.01), both decreased the energy consumption (G1 p = 0.01; G2 p˂0.01) and increased the protein intake (%) (G1 and G2: p˂0, 01). In the end of intervetion, G1 and G2 decreased body weight (G1 and G2: p˂0.01), body mass index (BMI) (G1 and G2: p˂0.01), WC (G1 and G2: p˂0.01), suggestion of food 10 compulsion (G1 p = 0.04; G2 p˂0.01), BF (kg) (G1 and G2: p˂0.01), insulin (G1 p˂0.01; G2 p = 0.02) and IR (G1 p˂0.01; G2 p = 0.01). In addition, G1 increased insulin sensitivity (p˂0.01), G2 reduced triglyceride (p = 0.02), BF (%) (p˂0.01), increased fat-free mass (FFM) (%) (p˂0.01) and active ghrelin secretion (p=0,03). There was no difference in the EE variables. CONCLUSION: The hypocaloric diet with different meals promoted a reduction in total weight, BMI, WC and BF (kg), an improvement in glycidic metabolism. However, the accomplishment of the three meals a day promoted increasing the FFM (%) and reduced triglyceride and having six meals a day was more beneficial in increasing insulin sensitivity. Eating three times a day increased in the secretion of active ghrelin. Both MF did not change the energy metabolism.
Keywords: obesity, meal frequency, hypocaloric diet, energy expenditure, ghrelin, weight loss.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO, PREFERÊNCIAS E SENSAÇÕES RELACIONADAS COM INGESTÃO ALIMENTAR DE MULHERES COM OBESIDADE GRAVE COM E SEM POLIMORFISMO DO GENE TAS1R2
Author: Leysimar de Oliveira Siais
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that is a growing public health problem worldwide. Studies suggest an important role of genetics in the etiology of the disease, and the effect of some genes on the nutritional status of the individual have been of interest of different studies. The TAS1R2 gene seems to be related to changes in preference and food intake, however, there are few studies of this nature in obese humans. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary intake, food preferences and hunger/satiety sensations in women with severe obesity with or without the TAS1R2 gene rs35874116 polymorphism. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, consisting of 70 women aged between 20 and 48 years and with body mass index between 40kg/m2 and 60kg/m2 . Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal and inflammatory markers, as well as genotyping of TAS1R2 polymorphism variants were evaluated. To assess hunger/satiety sensations, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was applied. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 21.0 software, and p-value<0,05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Women with TT genotype had higher plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), postprandial gastric fullness, desire for sweet during the fasting period and, later, preference for salty foods in the postprandial period, compared with women with polymorphism, while they had a greater sensation of hunger and desire for postprandial sweets. The TT group also showed a postprandial increase in Interleukin-6 (IL-6). There was no association between polymorphism and anthropometric, dietary indicators and diseases associated with obesity (systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis). CONCLUSION: The absence of polymorphism was associated with a risk of dyslipidemia, due to higher concentrations of VLDL and TG, in addition to an increase in postprandial IL-6. The presence of polymorphism in the TAS1R2 rs35874116 gene is associated with a greater sensation of hunger and desire for postprandial sweets, unlike women without the polymorphism who had greater gastric fullness and desire for postprandial snacks, despite having a greater desire for sweets fasting, in addition to the greater report of “pinches”. There was no association between the polymorphism and the evaluated comorbidities. Further studies are required to verify the existence of a relationship between the TAS1R2 polymorphism and indicators associated with obesity and its complications.
Keywords:
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE ÍNDICE INFLAMATÓRIO DA DIETA E INDICADORES DE ADIPOSIDADE EM ADOLESCENTES BRASILEIROS
Author: Luana Senna Blaudt
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Diet is an important factor in both inducing and regulating low-grade inflammation, which has been associated with obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) allows the assessement of the dietary inflammatory potential and its association with health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between DII and anthropometric indicators of adiposity in Brazilian adolescents. Data obtained from ERICA (Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents – 2013-14) were analyzed. This is a nationwide cross-sectional school-based study with a probabilistic sample of students between 12 and 17 years old. This analysis included adolescents with complete information for anthropometric measurements and food consumption (n=71.740). Food consumption was estimated by means of a computerized 24-hour recall. The DII was estimated from 39 food parameters. Linear and logistic regression models were developed to assess the association of DII with adiposity indicators: body mass index (BMI=weight/height²), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The covariables that were associated with both exposure and outcome in univariate analyzes (p<0.20) were included in the multivariate models, with those associated with outcomes with p<0.05, being maintained in the final models. The software SAS On Demand for Academics was used for the analysis that included the sample weights. All analyses were stratified by sex. The mean DII was 0.04 for boys and 0.77 for girls, ranging from -5.44 to 4.00 and -4.96 to 4.27, respectively. The DII was directly associated with the evaluated adiposity indicators, both in the crude and adjusted models. In boys, the multiple linear regression models indicated that for each increment unit in the DII there was an increase in BMI of 0.19 kg/m² (95% Confidence Interval – 95%CI: 0.14; 0.25) and 0.42cm in WC (95%CI: 0.26; 0.59). Among girls, these models showed increases in BMI of 0.23 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.16; 0.29) and 0.56cm in WC (95% CI: 0.44; 0.68) according to the increase in DII. For WHtR the increments were similar for both sexes. Boys classified in the highest quartile of the DII had an increased chance of being overweight (OR=1.76; 95%CI: 1.38; 2.24), being classified as inadequate WC (OR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.34; 1.97), and having increased WHtR (OR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.60; 2.55). Girls classified in the last quartile of the DII were more likely to be overweight (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.38; 1.98), to have elevated WC (OR=1.74; 95%CI: 1.48; 2.05) and increased WHtR (OR=1.75; 95%CI: 1.45; 2.11) compared to the first quartile. The diet of Brazilian adolescents was characterized as pro-inflammatory and the DII was associated with an increase in adiposity, suggesting that diet may play an important role in regulating the subclinical inflammatory response.
Keywords: Anthropometry. Brazil. Dietary Inflammatory Index. Dietary Survey. Food Consumption. Obesity
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO DE PARTO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL INFANTIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA, CONSIDERANDO O PAPEL DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO
Author: Luciana Princisval da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: The microbiota performs important role in the health of the host and changes in this composition may be associated with negative outcomes. Cesarean section may be negatively associated with infant gut microbiota and breastfeeding may modify this association. This dissertation aims to systematize the evidence of an association between the mode of delivery and the gut microbiota of infants up to six months of age and to evaluate the potential role of breastfeeding in this association. This is a systematic review of the literature, which was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The databases were: Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Trip Medical Database and Open Grey. The risk of bias was assessed with the aid of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Prospective cohort studies, which performed ≥2 fecal collections from the infant over the six months of life, that included information on the mode of delivery (vaginal and cesarean) and the comparison of the gut microbiota between mode of delivery, were included. The use of maternal and infant probiotics, and conditions that may alter the microbiota were considered as exclusion criteria. 2,096 abstracts were selected for reading and 217 articles were read in full. After these steps, 31 studies were selected for data extraction using the form developed for this study. Infants born by cesarean section had lower colonization of the genus Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides (and Bacteroides fragilis), over the six months of life. The group born by cesarean section showed less colonization of the genus Lactobacillus in the third month and of the species Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis in the first month of life and Escherichia coli in the first week of life, while Clostridium perfringens was increased in the third month. Infants born by cesarean section and exclusively breastfeeding had the most similar microbiota to those born by vaginal delivery. Results for Bifidobacterium were more prevalent in Asia, and Bacteroides and E.coli in Central and Southern Europe, respectively. Sixteen percent of the studies had a low risk of bias. The genus Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides (and B. fragilis) were potentially inferior in infants born by cesarean section. Also in this group, there are trends that the colonization of the genus Lactobacillus and the species B. longum, B. catenulatum, B. vulgatus, B. uniformis and E. coli are smaller and C. perfringens be increased. The results of these associations can be modified by breastfeeding, however, further studies are needed to confirm these results. The colonization of the genera Bifidobacterium is supposed to be greater in children in Asia, while Bacteroides in Central Europe and E. coli in Nordic Europe. It is supposed that the thirty-one studies generate low evidence on the subject.
Keywords: microbiota, mode of delivery, systematic review of literature, gut, infant, breastfeeding, bifidobacterium, bacteroides.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL PRÉ-GESTACIONAL E GANHO DE PESO GESTACIONAL E A MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL INFANTIL NO PRIMEIRO MÊS DE VIDA
Author: Nathalia Cristina de Freitas Costa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Background: Maternal obesity may change maternal microbiota during pregnancy and this altered microbiota can be transmitted to the infant. Moreover, infant feeding mode can also affect the infant gut microbiota. Objective: To evaluate the association of prepregnancy excessive body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) adequacy on infant gut microbiota and the role of breastfeeding on this association. Methods: Prospective cohort conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maternal prepregnancy BMI (<25; ≥ 25 kg/m², normal/excessive) and GWG adequacy (adequate; excessive) were the exposures and breastfeeding practice status (exclusively breastfeeding EBF; predominant/complementary feeding PCF) was analyzed as an effect modifier. Infant stool samples were collected for 56 infants between 26-50 days. Samples were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (MiSeq). Analysis included alpha diversity indices, beta diversity metrics and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test, linear regression, permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size. Results: Microbiota composition presented higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Veillonella and Escherichia and an increase of Escherichia and decrease of Streptococcus among pre-pregnancy excessive BMI and excessive GWG women. A higher median alpha diversity in infants born from mothers with excessive GWG was observed, and excessive GWG was positively associated with alpha diversity. The microbiota of infants born from mothers with excessive pre-pregnancy BMI were enriched with Dialister genus and Lactobacillus ruminis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Veillonella parvula species and those born from mothers with excessive GWG had higher abundance of Staphylocococcus genus, Staphylococcaceae family, Bacillales order and Bacilli class. PCF status decreased the abundance of Bifidobacterium only among excessive BMI/GWG. Excessive GWG and PCF practice were associated with high infant gut microbiota alpha diversity. Conclusion: Maternal overweight modified infant gut microbiota abundance and PCF seems to modify the effect of excessive GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI on infant gut microbiota. Keywords:
Keywords: Pre-pregnancy body mass index; Gestational weight gain; Breastfeeding; gastrointestinal microbiome; Infant.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE CIRCULAÇÃO COLATERAL CORONARIANA COM ADIPOSIDADE CORPORAL E AS CONCENTRAÇÕES SÉRICAS DE VITAMINA A EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DOENÇA ARTERIAL CORONARIANA
Author: Thalita Lisboa de Carvalho Almada
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2020
Abstract: Background: The absense of a good coronary colateral circulation (CCC) and a vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can be associated with cardiovascular health in a scenario in which the adiposity excess can represent harmful effects in CAD. Objectives: Evaluate the association between CCC with body adiposity and the vitamin A serum concentrations in patients with CAD. Material and methods: 90 inpatients from both sexes of a reference center in cardiovascular diseases of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were included. Laboratory tests were conducted as well as variables of body composition and CCC evaluations using Rentrop-Cohen method. Results: 54,5% of the patients presented good CCC, while 45,5% poor CCC. 92,2% had adequate levels of retinol, whilst only 3% had adequate levels of β-carotene. The patients with poor CCC and inadequate retinol had higher means of BMI than those with adequate retinol (p=0,01). Those with adequate retinol and good CCC had lower means of WC (p=0,07) and higher means of HDL (p=0,07) than those with poor CCC. The patients with inadequate retinol and poor CCC had higher means of VAI (p=0,04) and total cholesterol (p=0,07), LDL (p=0,06), triglycerides (p=0,0) and lower of HDL (p=0,08) than the group with good CCC. The patients with inadequate β-carotene and good CCC had higher levels of HDL than those with poor CCC (p= 0,03). The CRP means were lower in those with good CCC and adequate retinol (p< 0,01) when compared with those with inadequate retinol. It was found that the patients with adequate retinol had 2,67 higher chance to present good CCC than those with inadequate retinol. Conclusion: The results suggest that the retinol adequacy may be reliable predictor of a good CCC and there is association between the retinol and β-carotene serum concentrations, variables of body composition and the CCC in patients with CAD.
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Title: PROMOÇÃO DA ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL EM ESCOLARES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL UTILIZANDO ESTRATÉGIAS DE ARQUITETURA DE ESCOLHAS
Author: Alini Melo Naspolini
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: This thesis aimed to evaluate the effect of interventions based on the concept of choice architecture on the consumption of school meals. “Choice architecture” refers to the organization of the context in which people make decisions in order to influence people to make favorable decisions. Subtle, simple and inexpensive strategies known as nudges are generally adopted. A nonrandomized community trial with historical control was developed, in which individuals were evaluated for the variables of interest before and after the intervention. A total of 148 students aged 7 to 12 years old, enrolled between the 2nd and 5th grade of elementary school from a public school located in the city of Rio de Janeiro were included. The study comprised three phases: baseline study, intervention and post intervention. The baseline study included data collection consisting of anthropometric measurements and interviews with structured questionnaire and self-answered electronic questionnaire by participants. The questionnaires addressed the frequency of eating school meals, school food preferences and knowledge about vegetables and fruits. The intervention phase lasted 1 month and included nudge actions aimed at encouraging the consumption of school meals, especially vegetables and fruits served at school. This stage was constituted by changes in the school cafeteria environment, in particular: the way to serve fruits that were now arranged on a “fruit table” placed in a prominent place in the cafeteria; renaming of the preparations served, using names of characters from the children’s universe; exposure of the menu attractively and of fresh vegetables and fruits; images and posters of these foods on the cafeteria walls and elaboration of informative panel about the foods served in the school feeding with curiosities about the foods included in the menu. The impact of interventions on school feeding and vegetables and fruit consumption in the school was evaluated by comparing the data obtained in the baseline study with those of the post intervention study. The difference between the estimated proportions between the baseline and the post-intervention study for the categories of variables evaluated was examined by Pearson and McNemar chi-square tests, considering significant variations with a significance level <0.10. The post-intervention study had 139 participants and the results showed a significant increase in students who reported consuming school lunch 1 to 4 days a week (28.4% vs. 40.0%), which shows that the intervention was effective in attracting students to eat school meals. The intervention provided an increase in students’ knowledge regarding baroa, eggplant and chayote potatoes. There was an increase in the proportion of students who chose to bring fruit for lunch at school. Thus, using the concept of choice architecture proves to be a promising method for encouraging healthy food choices among schoolchildren.
Keywords: choice architecture; nudge; schoolchildren; healthy eating.
Title: HIDRÓLISE ÁCIDA COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA A DESPOLIMERIZAÇÃO DOS ELAGITANINOS DA CASCA E SEMENTE DA JABUTICABA (MYRCIARIA JABOTICABA)
Author: Bianca Souza Góes da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: In the manufacture of products based on jabuticaba, the fruit pulp is used, the peels and seeds being discarded. These fractions are sources of phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins, which are mainly found in fruit seeds. The ellagitannins present high molecular weight, therefore they have low bioavailability. Acid hydrolysis appears as an alternative to promote the depolymerization of these compounds and potentially increase their functionality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of acid hydrolysis as a strategy for the depolymerization of the peels and seeds jabuticaba ellagitannins. Prior to the hydrolysis step, the characterization of the jabuticaba ellagitannins and their isolation for use as analytical standards was performed. Vescalagin and castalagin were identified in the jabuticaba seed and isolated by semipreparative HPLC. The compounds were analyzed by MS and showed m/z 933, in agreement with the data described in the literature. In addition, they were analyzed by NMR and showed signs that suggested that the fractions isolated were the ellagitannins. The validation of the analytical method for ellagitannins was carried out, in which the parameters of linearity, limit of detection and quantification, repetitivity, recovery and intermediate precision were evaluated. The calibration curves of the ellagitannins presented a coefficient of determination R2> 0.99. The detection limit for vescalagin and castalagin was 2,9 and 6,5 μg/mL. The quantification limit for vescalagin was 8,8 μg/mL and for castalagin it was 19,7 μg/mL. Repeatability for vescalagin and castalagin was 2,8% and 5,3%. The intermediate precision was 5,5% for vescalagin and 5,4% for castalagin. Recovery could not be assessed because the data were overestimated, suggesting that the isolated pattern was impure. More studies are needed for the isolation of ellagitannins with a higher degree of purity. However, the method used for analysis was adequate for the parameters of linearity, repeatability and intermediate precision. Acid hydrolysis was applied in the peel, seed and residue samples to promote the release of more bioavailability compounds. Gallic and ellagic acids were the main products released after hydrolysis of ellagitannins. In addition, three other peaks were also found in the chromatograms of the hydrolyzed samples. In the three analyzed fractions, it was observed that the higher contents of gallic acid were released in the soluble extract, while the ellagic was released in the insoluble extract. The application of the hydrolysis from 6 h to 90 oC in the jabuticaba residue was able to promote the release of high levels of phenolic acids. Therefore, the current work allowed to define a methodology with optimal incubation time conditions for the hydrolysis of jaboticaba fractions.
Keywords: ellagic acid, gallic acid, hydrolysable tannins, technological processing, fruit valorization.
Title: PERFIL QUÍMICO E CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE PLANTAS ALIMENTÍCIAS NÃO CONVENCIONAIS ENCONTRADAS NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Camila das Neves Didini
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Non-conventional food plants (NCFP) are plants or parts of plants that are not included in the population’s diet. The NCFP have great nutritional potential, and can be used in the diet to increase the consumption of vegetables, by the population, since this consumption is lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization, 400 g/day. Chronic non-degenerative diseases, such as coronary diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and others are associated with a low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to characterize chemically NCFP found in the State of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, aiming to contribute with the knowledge about these plants and encourage their consumption by the population. The plants selected were: beldroega (Portulaca oleracea), caruru (Amaranthus viridis), major gomes (Talinum triangulare Jacq. (Willd)), ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata), taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), trapoeraba (Commelina erecta) and vinagreira roxa (Hibiscus acetosella). The samples were characterized for their proximate composition and had the antioxidant capacity determined by the methods of Folin-Ciocalteau, Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). The effect of different methods of extraction of phenolic compounds on the antioxidant capacity of these extracts was evaluated by means of an experimental design 22 , having as independent variables the concentration of methanol in aqueous solution (20:80, 50:50, 80:20 – methanol:water, %, v/v) and temperature (40 °C, 70 °C and 100 °C). The phenolic compounds present in the samples were identified and quantified by High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to Mass Spectrometry (MS). The major gomes species had the highest content of ash (26.4 ± 0.3 g/100 g). This value was higher also when compared to conventional vegetables (lettuce, cabbage and spinach). This species also had the highest protein content (26.2 ± 1.0 g/100 g), the highest fiber content (31.5 ± 0.9 g/100 g) and the lowest carbohydrate content (14.9%) and energy value (10 kcal). There was not a single condition of the experimental planning that presented the highest levels of antioxidant capacity for all species, being ora-pro-nóbis and vinagreira roxa species had the highest antioxidant capacity. The following compounds were identified in the ora-pro-nóbis species: caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-sambubioside, kaempferol-7- O-glucoside, myricetin-3-Oramnoside, delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside. The results of the present study suggest the nutritional and functional potential of these NCFP, not only due to its proximate composition, but also to the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds content.
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Title: QUESTIONNAIRE ON EATING AND WEIGHT PATTERNS-5 – QEWP-5 (QUESTIONÁRIO SOBRE PADRÕES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E PESO-5): TRADUÇÃO, ADAPTAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL E ESTUDO DE CONFIABILIDADE
Author: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Moraes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Introduction: The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 (QEWP-5) is a self-report instrument developed to screen individuals for Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition. However, this version of the instrument was not adapted to the Brazilian population. Objective: To procced the cross-cultural adaptation of QEWP-5 to the Brazilian population. Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation process included the steps of forward translation, comparison of translations and synthesis version, blind back-translations, comparison between the back-translations and the original version, and comprehensibility test with 10 patients with BN and BED and 10 Eating Disorders experts. For the reliability’s assessment, the final translated version of the QEWP-5 was applied twice, within an interval of 2 weeks, to 345 undergraduate students, both male and female, from Nutrition (n=179) and Psychology (n=166) courses. The temporal stability was assessed through kappa coefficient. Results: The Brazilian version of QEWP-5 was well understood by the patients. Only 2 participants had inquiries about items related to subjective binge eating episodes. Regarding the reliability, the kappa values for the assessment of BN in the entire sample, Nutrition and Psychology courses were 0.71, 0.80 and 0.60, respectively. For the assessment of BED, the respective kappa coefficients were 0.48 (entire sample), 0.60 (Nutrition’s course) and 0.27 (Psychology’s course). All values were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of QEWP-5 was cross-culturally adapted and well understood by the target population. Additionally, it was considered moderately stable to assess BED and substantially stable for the screening of BN in undergraduate students.
Keywords: Binge Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, QEWP-5, Cross-cultural adaptation, Reliability.
Title: PERFIL ALIMENTAR, CORPORAL E BIOQUÍMICO DE ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES DO SEXO FEMININO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MODALIDADES OLÍMPICAS.
Author: Christian Henrique Dias da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Was evaluated female adolescents athletes, from olympic distinct modalities aiming to verify how happen relationships between different variables studied. Intotal, was evaluated 17 girls with age between 12 and 19. Data related to sexual maturation, sports practice, daily routine, and food consumption was obtained from specific questionaires, and correlated with it self and with other variables as examples, blood variables colected. Our results showed strong correlations between age of menarche, with time of practice sport before menarche and body compositionfor swimming and judo; other important correlation was between age of menarche and leptin concentrations for artistic swimming and judo athletes. Besides that, leptin had correlation with food intake for all modalities. WAS also found a correlation between weekly time practice of exercise with lipid profile. Differences between groups was not identified.
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Title: PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS: ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL COM DOCENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Author: Daniele de Almeida Carvalho
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Quality of Life comprises physical, psychological, and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the self-perception of quality of life and associated factors in university teachers. This is a cross-sectional study with 112 docents (64.3% women) from a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. The WHOQOL-bref, a 26-question tool developed by the World Health Organization, was applied to assess overall and four domains of Quality of Life (physical, psychological, social relationship, and environment). The general questionnaire included questions on sex, age, marital status, working time at the institution, hours worked during weekends, activity in graduate programs, episodes of alcohol abuse in the last month before the interview, hours of sleep, physical activity, weight condition, self-reported morbidity, self-rated health condition, common mental disorder, and psychological distress. Tools validated in Brazil were applied to assess physical activity (IPAQ), common mental disorders (GHQ-12), psychological distress (CESQT). Weight condition was classified using the BMI (weight/height2 ) following the World Health Organization criteria. Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney test were applied, both for independent samples, to assess the differences in the mean Quality of Life scores according to categories of explanatory variables (p-value <0.05). Mean overall Quality of Life score was 69.9 (standard deviation=15.9). The subjects who rated their health as poor or very poor (75.2%), those with common mental disorder (17.0%), and those reporting psychological distress (86.0%) had lower mean scores for overall Quality of Life and the four domains assessed when compared to their counterparts (p<0.05). Mean overall Quality of Life scores were lower (p <0.05) for those who worked less than 3 hours per day on weekends, those who were insufficiently active, and those who were overweight when compared to their counterparts. The average Quality of Life physical domain scores were significantly lower for those who worked less than 3 hours a day compared to those who worked longer on weekends. Average scores in the psychological domain were lower for those under 45 years old and those who worked less than 3 hours a day on weekends when compared to those who were older and worked longer during the weekends (p <0 .05). The average score of the social relationship domain was significantly lower for teachers who were insufficiently active compared to the active ones. Age, physical activity, excess weight, common mental disorders, and psychological distress were the aspects that most affected faculty Quality of Life. These findings are important for future actions to prevent professional distress and promote the physical and mental health of university docents.
Keywords: quality of life, faculty, university, lifestyle, health conditions, psychological distress.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O GANHO DE PESO GESTACIONAL E DESFECHOS PERINATAIS EM MULHERES ADULTAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL
Author: Érica da Silva Soares de Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the main complications of pregnancy and is associated with worse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The main recommendation on gestational weight gain (GPG) published is that of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which does not apply to women with GDM. Objective: To evaluate the association between GPG and perinatal outcomes in adult women with GDM. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted with adult pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and their newborns attending a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro from 2011 to 2014. The association between insufficient, adequate and excessive weight gain and perinatal outcomes was analyzed. unfavorable outcomes: cesarean section, gestational hypertensive syndrome (GHS), prematurity, macrosomia and small or large for gestational age newborn (SGA / GIG). The association between the variables was verified by Pearson’s X² tests. For comparison of means, analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test were applied, as well as estimation of simple and multiple logistic regression models to evaluate the effect of GPG adequacy on perinatal outcomes. Results: 545 pregnant women and their newborns were included. The prevalence of GPG adequacy was 27.2% for insufficient weight gain, 35.8% adequate and 37% excessive. Insufficient weight gain was associated with a higher chance of prematurity (adjusted OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.06-6.19) and excessive gain increased the chance of SHG (adjusted OR 2.62; 95% CI: 1, 54-4.45) and GIG (adjusted OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.08-3.29). Occurrence of macrosomia and newborn SGA, however, did not present significant results associated with inadequate weight gain (adjusted OR 1.79; 95% CI: 0.66-4.86; adjusted OR 1.96; 95% CI: 0, 78-4.97, respectively). Conclusion: In women with GDM, insufficient GPG was associated with a higher chance of prematurity and excessive GPG was associated with a greater chance of GHS and newborn GIG.
Keywords: pregnant women, weight gain, gestational diabetes, pregnancy outcome, prenatal care
Title: CRESCIMENTO PONDERAL DE ESCOLARES DO MUNICÍPIO DE MACAÉ, RJ
Author: Luiz Felipe Cruz Rangel
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: The rates of childhood obesity have been growing in our country. Obesity is associated with metabolic, functional, structural, and consequently chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD). The literature shows that in overweight individuals, the presence of abdominal obesity (AO) increases cardiometabolic risks and associated risk factors. Negative environmental influences nowadays as industrialized foods and reduced physical activity contribute to an increase in obesity at an earlier age and, in addition, may be changing the body composition of children in a negative way, favoring presence of AO. In this context, the present study aimed to identify the pattern of growth among school children, the presence of total obesity (TO) and AO according to sex and age and to analyze the presence of AO in children with and without excess weight.The sample consisted of 1267 schoolchildren (622 girls and 645 boys), aged between 6 and 10 years of incomplete public schools in the Municipality of Macaé – RJ. Anthropometric data such as weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were collected between 2013 and 2014. The nutritional status was classified according to the Body Mass Index (BMI / age), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the presence of AO was classified by ratio between waist and height (RWH) ≥ 0.50. The prevalence of overweight (overweight + obesity) and obesity in schoolchildren was 33.7% and 16.4%, respectively, similar to those found in the last family budget survey, 33.5% and 14.3% (POF 2008 – 2009). The prevalence of AO was 22.7% of the sample. The prevalence of TO and AO was similar between the ages and between the sexes, but, among overweight girls, there was a greater presence of AO when compared to overweight boys (63.8% vs. 36.14%, respectively; p
Keywords: Infant obesity, abdominal obesity, schooling, growth, anthropometric indicators, body mass index and waist-to-height ratio.
Title: ADESÃO AO PADRÃO DIETÉTICO DASH EM GESTANTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS PRÉVIO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O DESFECHO PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA
Author: Luiza Berguinins Scancetti
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiology, which can cause lack of insulin and/or inability of action of this hormone, resulting in insulin resistance (RI), configuring chronic hyperglycemia. Pregnant women with DM may have associated adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as hypertensive syndromes. Gestational hypertensive syndromes (GHS) affect 3 to 10% of this group. With regard to nutritional interventions, one may highlight the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) pattern, which currently has not had a thorough investigation into the prevention of preeclampsia, representing a gap in the science of its effect potential benefits. Objective: This study aimed to associate the DASH dietary pattern and the preeclampsia outcome in pregnant women with previous DM treated at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cross-sectional study nested in a clinical trial, developed with adult pregnant women with previous DM, attended at a public maternity hospital, at the Nutrition Service Outpatient Clinic, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic, obstetric, anthropometric, clinical evaluation and conditions at birth were investigated. Food intake was assessed from the average of two 24-hour recalls. The assessment of association with DASH dietary pattern was based on the intake of food groups for each 1000 kcal of the total energy value referred to in each consultation. The food groups were adapted from the original DASH dietary pattern and their intake was evaluated among pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Calculations of mean, median, standard deviations, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and ANOVA were performed for numeric variables. The chi-square test was performed on categorical variables. The analyzes with p <0.05 were used in the final model containing explanatory variables for the outcome. Results: Forty seven pregnant women were included, with a mean age without significant difference between groups (p = 0.96), being 30.77 (±6.10) years and 30.87 (±5.82) years for those without and with preeclampsia, respectively. Most had completed high school and/or completed or incomplete higher education (70.2%, n = 33), showing no significant differences between groups (p=0.87). Regarding anthropometric data, most were overweight and obese (68.2%, n = 32), with no differences according to outcome (p = 0.90). Regarding the adequacy of weight gain, based on the adequacy of weight gain, a tendency was observed between the groups, where those who presented preeclampsia had higher rates of inadequacy (p= 0.099). Regarding prenatal care, there was no significant difference between the number of consultations, number of pregnancies and parity between the groups. However, a trend was observed between the groups without and with PE based on gestational weight gain in the third trimester (p = 0.098 and p= 0.099). It is observed that the intake of calories, protein, total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated were lower in the group without PE compared to the group with PE. Regarding the food groups evaluated for association with the outcome, there was a significant difference for the legume group and a tendency for the group, indicating that the lower the consumption of legumes (p = 0.011) and fruits (p = 0.060), the greater the association with the onset of PE. Conclusion: The consumption of legumes was associated with a lower risk for the emergence of PE and fruit showed a trend in the population studied, most likely due to the presence of fiber and antioxidants in its composition. The findings reinforce that nutritional guidelines should be emphasized for the population in question during prenatal care. Keywords:
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus type 1. Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Women. Preeclampsia. Diet. Fruits.
Title: QUALIDADE DA DIETA SEGUNDO O CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS ADOÇADAS DA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Author: Maria Eliza de Mattos Tobler Mastrangelo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Introduction: High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with higher energy intake and poor diet quality. Objective: To analyze the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and the quality of the diet in the Brazilian population. Methods: All subjects investigated in the National Dietary Survey 2008-2009, aged 10 years and over, who reported their food intake on the two non-consecutive days of food registration (n = 32,900) were analyzed. The foods were classified into; (i) sugar-sweetened beverages (including juices, soft drinks and flavored milk dairy); ii) healthy food markers (legumes, vegetables, fruits and their preparations; and dietary fiber intake); and iii) unhealthy (sweets, cakes and biscuits, salty crackers, snacks and fast foods) and intake of added sugar). The percentage of energy supplied by sugar-sweetened beverages was estimated, which was categorized according to consumption tertiles, excluding those who did not consume these beverages on both days of food intake. Multiple linear regression models to assess the associations between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and dietary markers were adopted. All estimates were calculated taking into account the expansion factors and the complexity of the sample design. Results: Sugar-sweetened beverages contributed on average with 8% of the total energy intake, this contribution being higher among urban area and lower among the elderly. The consumption of unhealthy food markers is higher among women and adolescents, and that of healthy food markers is higher among men, elderly and rural area. There was a direct association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with added sugar. And the addition of a glass of sugarsweetened beverages decreases the consumption of healthy food markers and dietary fiber, and increases the percentage of energy from added sugar by 3% and 237kcal in the diet of the Brazilian population. Conclusion: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with poor diet quality in the Brazilian population.
Keywords: Food Consumption, Beverages, Diet quality, Diet Surveys.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS NO PÓS-PARTO E A PRÁTICA DE ALEITAMENTO MATERNO ENTRE MULHERES ATENDIDAS EM MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE
Author: Viviane Simões de Freitas
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2019
Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy and the puerperium are phases of greater vulnerability to psychic disorders, such as postpartum depression. There are several factors associated with depressive symptoms, especially those related to the mother-child bond, especially breastfeeding. Objective: To investigate the association of breastfeeding practice with postpartum depressive symptoms, RJ. Methods: This is a longitudinal study, carried out in a public maternity hospital in Baixada Fluminense, RJ. The sample consisted of mothers with pre-gestational overweight, aged between 18 and 50 years, without pre-existing chronic diseases, except obesity and who were followed until the sixth postpartum month. Depressive symptoms were tracked by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), with tertile scale scores. The variable breastfeeding was obtained through a questionnaire applied in all six follow-up waves of the study. The characteristics of the participants were presented by measures of central tendency and sample dispersion and by absolute and relative frequencies. The medians of EPDS score at 3 and 5 months postpartum were compared using the Wilcoxon test for repeated measures. The comparison of EPDS score medians between breastfeeding practice categories (Yes vs. No) was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The median of depressive symptoms in the 3rd and 5th postpartum months were 17 and 19 (95% CI = 17.0; 21.0), respectively. Women with higher total family income (p = 0.005), white (p = 0.004) and with only one child (p = 0.017) had EPDS scores in the 3rd postpartum month in the 3rd tertile. There was a statistically significant difference in the median EPDS score according to breastfeeding practice in the 2nd month postpartum. Conclusion: The lack of breastfeeding was a risk factor for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in postpartum women. Thus, the promotion of breastfeeding may also act as a preventive measure for the development of symptoms of postpartum depression
Keywords: Postpartum depression; Breastfeeding; Puerperium.
Title: FATORES PREDITORES DO COLESTEROL NÃO-HDL EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Author: Raquel Nascimento Chanca Silverio
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/20/2018
Abstract: Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder that results from the destruction of beta-pancreatic cells, which are responsible for insulin production, and is prevailing during childhood and adolescence. Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with DM1, being insufficient glycemic control one of the main factors associated with macro-and microvascular complications. Non-HDL cholesterol is currently considered a good predictor for future cardiovascular events as LDL-c, total cholesterol or HDL-c alone in both children and adults. Aims: To assess clinical, sociodemographic and dietary predictors of non-HDL cholesterol in children and adolescents with DM1. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study, carried out at a referential outpatient clinic for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, of children and adolescents with DM1, aged 7 to 16 and without other chronic morbidities. The sociodemographic factors investigated were age, sex, per capita family income, sanitation conditions and place of residence. The anthropometric evaluation was done through the BMI by age (z-score). Clinical factors evaluated were insulin dose, duration of DM1 and dietary method. In addition to analyzing the biochemical parameters that included measurements of serum lipids and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in order to assess glycemic control. Food intake was evaluated by a 24-hour dietary record and the distribution of macronutrients, the ratio of lipid-carbohydrate and the proportion of dietary energy from processed and ultraprocessed foods were calculated. Multiple linear regression was adopted in the analysis, being associations with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: One hundred and twenty children and adolescents with a mean age of 11.74 ±2.88 years were included, of which 53.3% were female. The BMI z-score/mean age was 0.65 (±0.89) and 31.7% (n=38) were overweight. The mean duration of the DM1 was 6.68 (±3.33) years and the mean insulin dose was 1.05 (±0.45) Kg ideal weight/day. The average of the total energy intake was 1756.38 Kcal (±518.38). The proportion of macronutrient energy in the diet was 51.98% (±9.20) for carbohydrates, 21.43% (±6.13) for proteins and 26.57% (±9.98) for lipids. The ratio of lipid/carbohydrate was 0.57 g (± 0.43). The proportion of average energy from the intake of processed and ultra-processed foods was 40.79%. The predictors of non-HDL cholesterol were HbA1c (p=0.000, β=8.5, CI:4.8-12.1), duration of DM1 (p=0.000, β=2.8, CI:1.3-4.3) and sex (p=0.032, β=10.1, CI:0.9- 19.4). For each 1% increase in HbA1c, non-HDL cholesterol increased by 8.5 mg/dL (p=0.000) and for every 1-year duration of DM1, non-HDL cholesterol increased by 2.8 mg/dL in the model adjusted to age group and BMI/age. Conclusion: Glycemic control was the major modifiable predictor of non-HDL cholesterol concentrations, which represents a significant indicator of cardiovascular risk.
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Children. Adolescents. Lipids. Cholesterol
Title: CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS SEGUNDO O GRAU DE PROCESSAMENTO DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM O PESO AO NASCER
Author: Gracielle Gesteira Rocha
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/18/2018
Abstract: Introduction: Birth weight (BW) is one of the main health indicators of the newborn (NB) with immediate and long-term effect on the health of the child. Among other factors, maternal nutrition and gestational weight gain are directly related to BW. However, there are still gaps in the understanding of the association between food consumption according to the degree of processing during pregnancy and BW. Objective: To test the association between food consumption according to the degree of processing and the adequacy of BW. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 300 women between 2009 and 2011. The BW was classified according to its adequacy for gestational age (GA) and sex using an international standard curve (Intergrowth-21st): small (SGA), adequate (AGA), and large (LGA). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to estimate food consumption during the last six months of pregnancy. The reported foods were classified according to the degree of processing proposed by the Dietary Guideline for the Brazilian Population (unprocessed/minimally processed and culinary ingredients, processed and ultra-processed foods) and calculated their percentage caloric contributions (group calorie/total consumption). ANOVA and Chi-square tests (or Fisher’s Exact) were used to test the differences in mean and proportions of the sociodemographic variables according to BW categories and tertiles of food group. A multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between the food group’s percentage of contribution according to the degree of processing (in tertiles) and BW categories. Results: The prevalence of SGA NB in the sample was 5.7%, while LGA was 13.7%. All mothers of SGA NB have reported skin color among black and brown (p = 0.039), whereas this ratio was 78.9% and 87.8%, respectively, between LGA and AGA NB. Likewise, the proportion of smoking mothers (35.3%, p = 0.023) was higher among mothers of SGA NB. Pregnant women reported the average consumption of 54.2% energy intake of unprocessed/minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients, 2.2% of processed foods and 44.2% of ultra-processed foods. High consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed and culinary ingredients offered protection against LGA outcome (OR: 0.14; 95% IC: 0.02 to 0.91; p=0,040) in relation to the first tertile of consumption. Mothers whose where in the second (OR: 19.57; 95% IC: 1.11 to 343.76; p= 0,042) and third tertile (OR: 45.58; 95% IC= 0.97 to 2.139; p= 0,052) of consumption of ultra-processed food had more odds to give birth to SGA NB. Conclusion: The high consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients offered protection against the occurrence of LGA NB, and moderate to high consumption of ultra-processed food offered more odds to SGA NB.
Keywords: Dietary Intake; pregnancy; unprocessed/minimally processed foods; ultra-processed food; birth weight.
Title: CIANIDINA-3-O-GLICOSÍDEO, SEU METABÓLITO ÁCIDO PROTOCATECUICO E METABOLISMO DE GLICOSE: ESTUDOS SOBRE A ATIVIDADE DA HEXOKINASE EM CÉLULAS DE CARCINOMA MAMÁRIO HUMANO
Author: Talita Izaura Alves Carneiro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/6/2018
Abstract: Cancer cells present reprogramming in metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, that allow them to sustain a highly proliferative and apoptosis resistant phenotype. Bioactive compounds whose action involves regulation of energy metabolism pathways can be used as new strategies for the treatment of cancer. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-O-glycoside (C3G) and one of its main metabolites, protocatecuic acid (PCA) on glucose metabolism of human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF- 7 and MDA-MB231) and non-tumoral lineage (MCF10A). Cells were incubated for 24 h at different concentrations of C3G (1 – 100 μM) when the culture medium was changed and the cells remained in culture for up to 72 h, without C3G. Functional assays of the effects of C3G on cellular metabolic activity were evaluated by the MTT reduction method after 48 and 72 h of the C3G inoculum. The metabolism of glucose was determined by measuring the accumulation of lactate in the culture medium, being considered as a proxy for the glycolytic flux, and by the hexokinase (Hk) activity. The Hk activity was evaluated in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions after differential centrifugation. The accumulation of lactate was quantified after 48 and 72 h of the inoculum with C3G. The activity of Hk was evaluated in two ways: (a) after 24 h of incubation with C3G (20, 40 and 100 μM), and (b) the direct addition of C3G and PCA. MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 showed a 10% increase in metabolic activity after 48 h. The MCF-7 non-metastatic tumor line, on the other hand, presented a reduction of 8 % and 37 % of the metabolic activity, after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Lactate accumulation by MCF10-A and MDA-MB-231 cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner after 72 h, whereas the MCF-7 line presented a reduction in this parameter. The incubation with C3G for 24 h altered the Hk activity in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of the tumor lines, but did not affect the non-tumoral lineage. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells showed a significant x increase of about 40 % in cytosolic Hk activity when incubated for 24 h with 20 μM C3G. However, in the mitochondrial fraction, the effects of C3G incubation were distinct among tumor lines, where MDA-MB-231 cells showed an increase of approximately 40 % while MCF7 cells showed a reduction of 24% with 40 μM. The direct addition of C3G and PCA promoted an increase in Hk activity in the cytosolic fraction in all cell lines studied. In the mitochondrial fraction, on the other hand, there was a reduction of Hk activity in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A lines, and in the MCF-7 line, a 35 % increase was observed in this parameter when incubated with C3G alone. Together, these results suggest that C3G and its metabolite, PCA, affect the bioenergetics of human mammary carcinoma cell lines, differentially modulating glucose metabolism in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments.
Keywords: Cancer, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, protocatechuic acid, hexokinase, metabolic reprogramming, glucose metabolism, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF10-A.
Title: ESTILO DE VIDA E SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM DOCENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Author: Iuna Arruda Alves
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/6/2018
Abstract: Burnout syndrome (BS) results of chronic occupational stress and has been observed in university faculty, although the relationship between lifestyle and BS is still poorly explored in this segment. This study aims to evaluate the association between lifestyle characteristics and BS in university faculty. This is a cross-sectional study with113 faculty staff from a public university in Rio de Janeiro. The BS was evaluated by means of the Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) composed by 20 questions covering the dimensions enthusiasm towards the job, psychological exhaustion, indolence, and guilt. SQT (sum of enthusiasm towards the job, psychological exhaustion, and indolence) percentiles were classified into five levels: very low (SQT <P10), low (P10 P90). Profile 1 was assigned to SQT high and Profile 2, for SQT + guilt high. Mean scores for each dimension were categorized considering a critical limit: <2.0 in enthusiasm towards the job and ≥2.0 for psychological exhaustion and indolence to characterize Profile 1 of BS; in addition to these, if the guilt score was ≥2.0, the individual was included in Profile 2. Lifestyle was characterized by the evaluation of sleeping habits; physical activity; frequency of alcohol consumption and your excessive consumption in the last 30 days; weight status; self-perception of health; reported morbidity; and food consumption. Differences in the CESQT scores and the variations in the proportions of individuals with scores above the critical limits or in Profiles 1 and 2 according to the categories of the explanatory variables (chi-square, Wilcoxon-MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, p <0.05). Only one individual scored <2.0 for enthusiasm towards the job; however, 85% presented a score ≥2.0 for psychological exhaustion. Women had a higher mean for psychological exhaustion than men (2.89 vs. 2.51, p= 0.01), while the guilt mean was higher among individuals <45 years old than for those with ≥45 years old (1.95 vs. 1.69, p= 0.01). The mean indolence score was higher among those who consumed alcohol ≥ 3 times / week compared to those who reported those beverages ≤2 times / week and those who did not consume alcohol (1.73 vs. 1.60 vs. 1.33; p= 0.01), the same was observed for those who reported abusive alcohol use compared with those who did not report this behavior (1.68 vs. 1.48; p= 0.03). Compared with those who considered health regular, those who considered health to be bad or very bad presented higher averages (20% vs. 80%; p= 0.01) for psychic burnout (2.87 vs. 2.42), indolence (1.62 vs. 1.39) and guilt (1.87 vs. 1.62). Considering the SQT percentiles, 19% of the individuals were classified in BS Profile 1, and 15%, in Profile 2. There were no significant associations between dietary intake and weight status with BS. However, 59% of the individuals presented risky food consumption, and 43%, were overweight. The results indicated that the examined university faculty are intensely stressed, especially the women, the youngest and those who worked less than 10 years in the institution. It is important to highlight the association between alcohol consumption and indolence dimension.
Keywords: Faculty, burnout professional, lifestyle, food consumption
Title: PROMOÇÃO DO CONSUMO SAUDÁVEL DE BEBIDAS UTILIZANDO ESTRATÉGIAS DE ARQUITETURA DE ESCOLHAS EM RESTAURANTE COMERCIAL TIPO “SELF-SERVICE”
Author: Alice Abucarma Reino
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/27/2018
Abstract: This dissertation aimed to develop and evaluate the impact of interventions to promote healthy beverage choices in a commercial self-service restaurant through architectural strategies of choices in two nudges. The first intervention was based on suggestive images and the second on caloric information on beverages. It is an uncontrolled intervention study, conducted from September to December 2016. For this analysis all beverages served in the restaurant were classified and classified into: bottled water, sugar sweetened beverages, and low-calorie beverages. In order to evaluate the purchase of the drinks before and during the interventions, the consumption questionnaire was applied to the restaurant, which included all available beverages (17) associated with the quantity option In the baseline study, 86 subjects were examined in the intervention with suggestive images and 72 in the intervention with nutritional information, a total of 147 subjects. The differences in beverage consumption between the interventions and the baseline study were estimated. Sugar sweetened beverages were consumed in greater proportion by men, by individuals who were not on diet and by those who did not practice physical activity. Low-calorie beverages were preferred by overweight women and individuals. Women, individuals on the diet, and those who practiced physical activity were the ones who most often chose not to consume any beverage along with the meal after the nudges were implemented in the self-service restaurant.
Keywords: restaurant; nudge; food choices; choice architecture, suagr sweetened beverages, water, low calorie beverages.
Title: JEJUM INTERMITENTE EM DIFERENTES PERÍODOS DA GESTAÇÃO: EFEITO MATERNO E PROGRAMAÇÃO METABÓLICA DA VIA INSULÍNICA HIPOTALÂMICA E OBESIDADE NA PROLE MACHO
Author: Julia Geminiani Andrade Baptista
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/8/2018
Abstract: The intrauterine environment is a determinant factor for fetal health and can determine metabolic programming in the offspring due to maternal nutritional deficits, resulting in the development of chronic diseases in adult life. The practice of intermittent fasting (IF) has become popular, including women in gestation who seek to control body mass gain at this stage. However, there is little scientific evidence on the effect of feeding behavior on maternal and offspring outcomes. IF consisted of restriction to 60% of the diet consumed by controls (C) on alternate days, being day 1 free: 1 day restricted. Therefore, pregnant rats (n=10), were subjected to intermittent fasting according to the experimental protocols of the four groups: control (C), restricted in the first (R1) and second (R2) half of gestation and in whole gestation. Weight gain, dietary intake, visceral adiposity and biochemical markers were evaluated in the pregnant rats. In the male offspring, we observed nutritional parameters after lactation and at 100 days we analyzed adiposity, biochemical markers, phospho-Akt protein content and FoxO 1 gene expression in the hypothalamus and the hypothalamic response to intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin. The results showed maternal hyperphagia on the days post restriction and visceral obesity in all groups submitted to intermittent fasting. The offspring presented resistance to peripheral and central insulin action. We conclude that IF during pregnancy led to changes that contribute to the development of maternal and fetal obesity
Keywords: Intermittent fasting; fetal programming; gestation; Phospho-Akt; FoxO 1; intracerebroventricular infusion.
Title: VALIDAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL DE UM QUESTIONÁRIO DE CONHECIMENTO NUTRICIONAL PARA ADOLESCENTES ATLETAS
Author: Virginie Da Cunha Mayor
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/12/2018
Abstract: Adolescent athletes may have a quite similar diet to adolescents who do not play sports, and usually do not have a good knowledge about nutrition, sometimes due to lack of nutritional monitoring. By using strategies that increase the mastery of this subject, awareness of their importance increases, and young people take more of their food choices and improve their habits. Assessing what these individuals know about nutrition makes it possible to observe difficulties and work on nutrition education activities. However, this investigation must be carried out with questionnaires that are valid and reliable, that guarantee the authenticity and accuracy of the obtained data. The aim of the present study was to validate a modified Brazilian version of a questionnaire created and validated for American adolescent athletes in order to obtain a tool to measure the nutritional knowledge of Brazilian adolescent athletes. A cross-cultural translation, content validity with the contribution of nutrition and sports nutrition specialists, a pilot study with adolescent athletes (n = 41) and instrument reliability were performed for internal consistency (n = 232) and reproducibility (n = 61). In total, 273 adolescent athletes, 151 males and 122 females (14.9 ± 1.5 years) from different sports modalities and training sites in the state of Rio de Janeiro participated. Reliability was verified by the test-retest results calculated by the weighted kappa ranging from -0.14 to 0.76 and by the intraclass correlation coefficient for total score α = 0.89 with a 95% confidence interval, in addition to the consistency Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire α = 0.92 and for reduced versions α = 0.91 and α = 0.85. The mean score on nutritional knowledge was 37 (± 9.2) of the 65 questions answered. It was concluded that the questionnaire translated and adapted to Portuguese language is a good instrument to measure knowledge about sports nutrition, however, it needs adjustments to improve its reproducibility and assessment of nutritional knowledge of adolescent athletes.
Keywords: Sports nutrition, nutritional knowledge, adolescent athletes, nutritional education,survey methods, questionnaires and validation.
Title: DISPONIBILIDADE ENERGÉTICA, COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR E COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES PRATICANTES DE NADO ARTÍSTICO
Author: Paula Albuquerque Penna Franca
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 6/21/2018
Abstract: Energy availability (EA) has been used to assess whether the athlete’s energy intake is sufficient to meet their training demands, without impairing physiological metabolism. Values of EA below 45 kcal per kg of fat free mass per day (kcal/kgFFM/d) fall below energy balance thresholds and have been classified as relative energy availability. When values fall below 30 kcal/kg MLG/d, it’s classified as low energy availability (LEA), which is associated with the development of menstrual dysfunctions, low bone mineral density, and disordered eating. Female athletes practicing aesthetic sports such as artistic swimming are particularly at risk for developing LEA. The present study verified the frequency of LEA in artistic swimming female athletes and the association with the outcomes related to LEA. A crosssectional study was conducted in which food intake (3-day recording), training energy expenditure (daily routine recording), pubertal staging (Tanner stages), regularity of the menstrual cycle (validated questionnaire), disordered eating (EAT-26) and disatisfaction with body image (BSQ) were analyzed in 20 adolescent artistic swimming athletes aged 10 to 19 years old. The evaluation of bone mineral density and body composition was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. None of the participants obtained adequate levels of EA and 80% had LEA. The athletes (15 ± 2.5 years old, 54 ± 7.3 kg body mass, 159 ± 6.5 cm height, 30 ± 4.6 % body fat, 38 ± 4.7 kg FFM) trained on average 22 ± 2.5 hours per week, having been practicing for 6.2 ± 3.7 years. The mean caloric intake of the group was 1396 ± 370.3 kcal/day, carbohydrate intake was adequate in 15% of the sample, protein in 45% and lipid in 85% of the group. The micronutrients evaluated were also below recommendation levels. Bone mineral density was adequate in all athletes, as well as the menstrual cycle. In relation to BSQ and EAT-26, 55% of the group had a positive score on either one of the tests, while 20% of the group had a positive score on both tests. We observed great inadequacy of energy intake and EA in relation to training performed by the athletes, demonstrating a need to monitor their diet and nutritional status.
Keywords: energy availability, adolescent athlete, calorie intake, artistic swimming, nutrients intake
Title: EFEITO DA INGESTÃO DE UMA DOSE ÚNICA DO SUCO DA BETERRABA SOBRE A FUNÇÃO ENDOTELIAL MACROVASCULAR E PARÂMETROS DE OXIGENAÇÃO TECIDUAL EM GESTANTES
Author: Monica Volino Goncalves De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/5/2018
Abstract: Beetroot juice (BJ) consumption has been associated with improved cardiovascular health due increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioconversion. The present study evaluates the effect of BJ consumption on macrovascular endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and muscle O2 saturation parameters (StO2) in pregnant women within a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. The study was study was conducted from October 2016 to May 2017. Twelve pregnant women consumed a single dose (140 mL) of BJ or PLA. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique was used to evaluate macrovascular endothelial function and nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to evaluate muscle StO2 parameters during occlusion and reperfusion phase, which were taken at PRE nutritional intervention and 120 and 140 min after nutritional intervention, respectively. Nitrate urinary was drawn before (T0) and 150 min after nutritional intervention. After BJ consumption, nitrate urinary increase compared to T0 (P = 0.000) and PLA intervention (P = 0.001). FMD improved after BJ consumption when compared to PRE (P = 0.000) and to PLA (P = 0.000), but whereas there was no improvement in FMD when comparing PLA to PRE (P = 1.000). In StO2 parameters, a difference was not observed after BJ consumption compared to PRE and PLA intervention. The data demonstrates that a single dose of 140 mL of BJ consumption improves macrovascular endothelial function, but not StO2 parameters.
Keywords:
Title: MARCADORES DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE ADOLESCENTES BENEFICIÁRIOS E NÃO BENEFICIÁRIOS DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA
Author: Andreia Andrade Da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/27/2018
Abstract: The Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer program for families living in situations of vulnerability and extreme poverty. Studies have shown that BFP provided greater access to food, but there is few information about food consumption of beneficiaries, especially adolescents. The aim of this study was to test the association between receiving the benefit of BFP and the weekly frequency of food markers intake. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016 with 399 adolescents enrolled between the 5th and 9th grade of public elementary schools in programmatic area of the Santa Marta Family Clinic (CFSM), in the south of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Anthropometric assessment was performed and a simplified questionnaire with sociodemographic information and the Food Consumption Markers Form of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) was applied to identify the frequency of consumption of healthy (HFM) and unhealthy food markers (UFM). Consumption in five or more days of the last week was considered as regular. The students were classified as beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the BFP and a multivariate logistic regression was used to test their association with the categories (regular or not) of the frequency of food markers. Among adolescents, 33.1% (n=132) were beneficiaries of BFP. In comparison with non-beneficiaries, a lower proportion of adolescents beneficiaries with regular consumption of milk/yogurt and higher for potato chips and deep fried salty snacks, salty cookies and sweet/stuffed cookies and candies were observed. After adjustments for age, BMI/age, living in a vulnerable community, skin color, number of children (mother) and mother‟s employment situation, the chance of beneficiaries to regularly consume sweet/stuffed cookies and candies and potato chips and deep fried salty snacks, was respectively, 1.90 (95% CI: 1.10-3.26, p = 0.021) and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.02- 3.67, p = 0.042) higher than non-beneficiaries. The results indicate that beneficiaries of the BFP are exposed to the regularly frequency of consumption of UFM, emphasizing the need of public monitoring through food and nutritional surveillance for this public, especially in Primary Health Care.
Keywords: Adolescent; Food Consumption; Nutrition Programs and Policies; Nutritional Surveillance.
Title: CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE JOVENS ESTUDANTES: ANÁLISE DOS SIGNIFICADOS DE LANCHES NA ESCOLA
Author: Juliana Milczanowski Fernandes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/23/2018
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: POLIMORFISMOS NO GENE FADS, PERFIL CIRCULANTE DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS POLINSATURADOS E CONSUMO DE LIPÍDIOS DE GESTANTES ADULTAS EUTRÓFICAS ATENDIDAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Barbara Vitorino Alencar Brayner
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/23/2018
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene, profile of circulating fatty acids and lipid dietary intake in adult eutrophic pregnant women. METHODS: 23 pregnant women were selected, with age between 19 and 35 years, eutrophic, which attended the School Maternity of UFRJ/RJ. Maternal blood samples were obtained until the thirteenth week of pregnancy and the quantification of fatty acids in erythrocyte were done by gas chromatography. After maternal DNA was extracted, the genotyping analysis was done by using the real time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes designed to identify presence of polymorphism in the FADS1 SNP rs174553 and FADS2 SNP rs174575 genes. Information regarding dietary intake was also obtained, by applying 2 dietary food record method, further analysed by the Dietbox program. The statistical analysis was made in the software IBM-SPSS for Windows version 20.0 and Student t-test, as well as multiple linear regressions were applied to verify possible associations. The results were only deemed significant when p<0,05. RESULTS: The frequency of homozygous individuals for the secondary allele of the SNP rs174575 of the FADS2 gene was 3,2% (n=1) and for the SNP rs174553 of the FADS1 gene was 9,7% (n=3). The women with polymorphism in the FADS2 SNP rs174575 presented higher concentration of the eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) (p=0,014) however this association was not sustained when adjusting the results by lipids intake. The remaining polyunsaturated fatty acids did not reveal association with the polymorphism (linolenic (LA), alpha-linolenic (ALA), archidonic (AA), docosahexaenoic, docosapentaenoic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids, EPA/ALA, AA/LA). The SNP rs174553 did not reveal any relationship with the lipid concentration in the blood. CONCLUSION: Only the polymorphism in the FADS2 gene implicated in higher concentration of EPA in erythrocyte of the pregnant women studied and the lipid intake seems to have had the capacity to influence these results.
Keywords: Polymorphism, FADS gene, Fatty acids, Dietary intake.
Title: RELAÇÃO ENTRE MENARCA, MATURAÇÃO SEXUAL, LEPTINA SÉRICA E VARIÁVEIS CORPORAIS EM ADOLESCENTES METABOLICAMENTE SAUDÁVEIS E NÃO SAUDÁVEIS
Author: Ana Carla Leocadio De Magalhaes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/21/2018
Abstract: Introduction: Adolescence is characterized by intense hormonal changes and body composition due to sexual maturation and menarche, which may be associated with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype and contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the association between menarche age, sexual maturation, serum leptin and metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotypes in female adolescents from different class of BMI. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study of female adolescents, attended at the Adolescent Reference Center, in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Information about the stage of sexual maturation and age of menarche was collected from the self-declaration of the participants, being considered early menarche (EM), when the first menstruation occurred until 11 years of age, normal menarche (NM), between 12 and 14 years, and late menarche (LM) after the age of 15 years. Body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfolds (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF) and arm circumference (AC) were measured to evaluate body variables. Body mass index (BMI), waist / height ratio (WHR), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm fat area (AFA), sum of TSF and Ssf (ΣTSF, SSF) (%), percentage of lean mass (% LM) and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Blood pressure and serum triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), glycemia and leptin levels were measured. Adolescents were classified as MH and MU, according to National Cholesterol Education Program for Adults and Adolescents criteria (NCEP-ATP III), adjusted for children and adolescents. Results: One – hundred thirty-nine adolescents participated in the study, of which 18% were MU (n = 25). It was 8 observed that no adolescent was in the pre-pubertal stage of sexual maturation of breasts and pubic hair. 64% (n = 13) of MU were pubertal stage sexual maturation of pubic hair (p = 0.32) and 52% (n = 13) in pubertal stage sexual maturation of breasts (p = 0.02). There was a higher prevalence of EP in the MU group (60%, p = 0.04), NM in MH (62.3%, p = 0.04) and no adolescent had LM. The adolescents with EM, were younger, had severe obesity and high serum concentrations of leptin, as well as MU. It was observed that 28% of the MU group were eutrophic and 20.2%, 6.1% and 4.4% of the MH were overweight, obese and severely obese, respectively. MH adolescents had significantly lower averages of most of the body variables evaluated when compared to MU, including AMC (25.44 ± 3.44, 30.68 ± 5.24, p <0.01, respectively). There was a lower mean VAI among MH, but no statistically significant difference was found in relation to the MU (2.79 ± 2.16, 3.11 ± 1.50, p = 0.80, respectively). It was observed a significant association between some variables and the MU phenotype, such as WSR (p <0.02), TSF (p <0.01), ΣTSF, SSF (p <0.01), and AC (p <0.01). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of identifying the MNS phenotype in the pediatric phase or even during adolescence, since this metabolic profile is associated with sexual maturation of breasts and recognized risk factors for cardiometabolic complications in adulthood, such as MP, inadequate body variables and serum leptin concentrations
Keywords:
Title: EFEITO DO BIOPROCESSAMENTO ENZIMÁTICO SOB OS COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM PÃES ADICIONADOS DE FARINHA DE JABUTICABA
Author: Paula Andres Duarte
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/28/2018
Abstract: Whole bread is composed of whole wheat flour that contains more fiber, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals than refined white bread. However, most consumers prefer products made from refined wheat flour, since the texture and flavor properties of their wheat bran are considered to be less attractive. The food bioprocessing can set up a strategy to improve these sensory attributes of breads and characterized by the transformation of raw materials into products suitable for consumption from living cells or components of their biochemical machinery. The best known are fermentation and enzymatic bioprocessing. Both are used on a large scale in the production of bakery products. Currently, it is known that the use of enzymes in breads positively affects the content of phenolic compounds and improves the sensory quality. The jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba) is a Brazilian fruit rich in phenolic compounds and usually consumed fresh, but it begins to ferment for 3-4 days after harvest. Therefore, it is generally used to produce juices, jellies, pies, wines and, spirits. However, during processing, a large amount of residue (peel and seeds) is generated, which is discarded. In this context, the application of drying in oven dehydration for the elaboration of jabuticaba flour (JF) as a source of phenolic compounds (PC) becomes relevant. Currently, fruits and their residues are used to obtain flours and these have a potential application in breads in the partial substitution of wheat flour, to enrich them with bioactive compounds. In this context, the present study evaluated the effect of enzymatic bioprocessing on the technological characteristics and the phenolic compounds (PC) contents on bread added with flour of the by-product of jaboticaba. The physical and chemical parameters, centesimal composition, antioxidant capacity (AC) and PC contents were evaluated in the JF and in the breads (control with 100% of whole wheat flour – PI, control with 10% substitution of wheat flour by JF – PJ, bioprocessed with 100% whole wheat flour – PIB, and bioprocessed with 10% substitution of wheat flour by JF – PJB), as well as a sensorial analysis was also carried out on bread. When evaluated by HPLC soluble and insoluble fractions were analysed. Sensory acceptance and purchase intent of the breads were also evaluated. The enzyme used in the bioprocessing was xylanase. During 90 days of storage, the flours presented a reduction of PC contents and AC 47% and 81%, respectively, as well as darker and less reddish / purplish staining due to anthocyanin degradation. The PJ had higher AC and mineral residue than PI. When analyzed by HPLC, it is observed that PJ has 3 times more PC content than in PI. In addition, when cooking the PJ, it was possible to observe an increase of PC in the soluble fraction of the product. PIB obtained higher volume and lower density than PI. The opposite was observed for PJ and PJB. The bioprocessing did not alter the pH of the breads, but left PIB and PJB darker. In the soluble fraction, AC remained constant between PI and PIB, but increased between PJ and PJB. The same occurred in the distribution of PC. The sensory analysis of wholebreads with JF showed that both control and bioprocessed, obtained higher grades in most aspects evaluated when compared to the jabuticaba breads. However, the jabuticaba breads remained unchanged in the minimum acceptance mean among the scales used. It is concluded that the addition of JF enriches the bread and the effect of the addition of the enzyme improves the characteristics of the bread from the bioactive point of view, which suggests a product with possible health benefits.
Keywords: phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, jabuticaba flour, enriched breads, bioprocessing
Title: “PODE SER POR WHATSAPP?” ASPECTOS INTERACIONAIS NAS MENSAGENS DE APLICATIVO DE CELULAR NO CONTEXTO DA DISCIPLINA DE EDUCAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL
Author: Maria Irene De Castro Barbosa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/28/2018
Abstract: In contemporary times, cybernetic culture is present in relationships among young people. To think about new forms of interaction that presents elements of media communication, can contribute to the contextualization of the educational process. In this perspective, this research aimed to understand the interactional aspects in a group of messages in a cellphone app that includes undergraduates and tutors of the discipline of Nutrition Education (EN) of the Nutrition Graduation Major at the INJC / UFRJ. The interactional aspects were thought based on the re-reading of concepts by Freire (1996, 2005) and Vygotsky (2007), who look at the symbolic elements involved in the educational process of the discipline, passing over the the use of the messaging app. The methodology used was a qualitative descriptive-analytical type, through participant observation and analysis of the speeches present in the messages of the app. It is noteworthy that this research is unprecedented in the use of discourse analysis in messages of the app. The methodological course was divided into four stages: contextualization of the educational process of the EN course; description of the technological possibilities of the messages app used; identification of message agents; and gathering and analysis of the messages . In this study the discourse production presented characteristics of the contemporary communicative process mediated by the TICs, but the use of the app was not decisive for the construction of the interactional aspects. Reinforcing the view on the interaction between different actors in this educational process permeated by cyberculture is important so that the construction of knowledge in higher education can be problematized in the scope of Food and Nutrition Education.
Keywords: Food and Nutrition Education, Interaction, Mobile messaging app, Speech analysis
Title: INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E ACESSO AOS PROGRAMAS SOCIAIS EM COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS TITULADAS DO BRASIL
Author: Camilla Christine Penha De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/27/2018
Abstract: In Brazil, quilombolas are ethnically vulnerable groups and suffer from sociodemographic inequalities, food insecurity and difficult access to infrastructure, income and health services. Public policies have been implemented to minimize those differences and to meet the demands of this population, however, there are few studies that evaluate the reach of quilombolas to these policies. In this regard, the objective is to evaluate the prevalence of food insecurity of titled Quilombola families and their relationship with access to social policies and programs. Were used the information from the micro data of the Quilombola Census conducted in 2011 throughout the Brazilian territory. The investigated sample consisted of 8.743 quilombolas families categorized as socio-demographic variables, household food insecurity (HFI) and access to social policies and programs. For the classification of HFI, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA) was used. A high prevalence of HFI was observed (86.1%), with 55.9% moderate and severe HFI, mainly in the Northern region of the country (65.9%). The low level of education of the heads of households, the precarious sanitation condition and low total monthly family income were significantly associated with moderate and severe HFI. Agricultural harvest subsidy programs and rural credit programs (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar, Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, Seguro da Agricultura Familiar, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural and Garantia-Safra) were the least accessed by the quilombola families (15%). However, the public policies of increase of income (Programa Bolsa Família and Benefício de Prestação Continuada) were the most accessed (68.6%), being associated with the most serious forms of HFI. In the multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for the sociodemographic variables, the policies for access to adequate food and water supply programme for dry regions (Programa Cisternas and Cestas de Alimentos) and health care (Agentes Comunitários de Saúde and Equipe Saúde da Família) minimized the prevalence of HFI (p- value <0.05). The inclusion of quilombola families among social programs, especially those related to agriculture, is fundamental to the development and autonomy of these communities. However, among the policies that were most accessed, there was a reduction in the situation of HFI.
Keywords: quilombolas, food insecurity, public policies and social programs
Title: AS AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS INFLUENCIAM OS MOTIVOS PARA A ESCOLHA DOS ALIMENTOS E A QUALIDADE DA DIETA DE ADOLESCENTES?
Author: Vitoria Aparecida Silva Dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/26/2018
Abstract: Food choice is a complex human behavior involving biological, socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological aspects. The relationship between the reasons involved in food choice and diet quality in adolescents is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the influence of educational actions on the reasons for food choice and their association with the diet quality in adolescents. The present study is a secondary analysis of data obtained in the intervention study titled “Parents, Students and Teachers for Healthy Eating”, carried out in 2014 in two public schools of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – RJ, including 405 6th and 7th graders, of whom 239 adolescents were allocated to the control group and 166, to the intervention group. The adolescents filled out an auto-administered questionnaire and selected, out of 15 options, the 3 most important reasons considered when choosing foods. The reasons for food choice are categorized in (a) sensorial (taste, color, smell, appearance, texture); (b) sociocultural (habits, family, friends); (c) economic and access (availability at home, price); (d) healthy eating. The frequency of intake of healthy (fruit; vegetables; fresh squeezed fruit juice; beans; and milk) and unhealthy (sugary drinks; candies; cakes and cookies; salty snacks; and sausages) eating markers was evaluated by means of an Food Frequency Questionnaire, and was categorized into high (>5 times per week), intermediate (1-4 times per week), and low (<1 times per week). The intervention consisted in educational sessions on healthy eating and lifestyle offered monthly between April and October 2014. Chi-square was applied to evaluate changes in the reasons for food choice after the intervention, as well as the association between such reasons and food consumption (p<0.10). After the interventions, 352 (87%) adolescents concluded the study and no significant differences were observed between individuals who started and those who completed the study. Compared with boys, among girls, there was a greater concern about healthy eating at the baseline , which increased after the interventions (15,5 vs 23.8%, p=0.07). After the interventions, in the intervention group (n=147), the report of sensorial (42.2 vs 30.6%) and sociocultural reasons (36.1 vs 23.8%) to food choice reduced (p<0.10) while the citation of healthy eating as motive to choose food increased, although this difference was not significant (13.9 vs 17.0%, p=0.20). Additionally, after the interventions, adolescents who reported in the baseline only sensorial reasons for food choice reduced the consumption of fresh squeezed fruit juice, those who mentioned at least one sociocultural reason increased the consumption of beans, and those citing economic/access motives increased the intake of vegetables and salty snacks. In the control group (n=205) no significant differences were found in the reasons for food choice between baseline and postintervention. Food intake varied with the cited reasons for food choice. The educative actions may have contributed to modifications in the reasons for food choice
Keywords: Adolescents, determinants of food choice, food consumption, nutritional education.
Title: DISCURSOS SOBRE ALIMENTAÇÃO E O ENSINO DAS CIÊNCIAS NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA EM UM COLÉGIO DE APLICAÇÃO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Vanessa Nascimento Moreira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/26/2018
Abstract: The overall aim of the study was to understand the discourses related to food in the teaching of science in the universe of elementary education of a college of application in Rio de Janeiro. With this purpose, we have the specific objective of describing the discourses about feeding in the science textbook of the second segment of elementary school and in the correlated official documents (Health Program in the School, Food Guide for the Brazilian Population, and Reference Framework in Food Education and Nutritional). In the same way we also aimed to analyze the discourse of the food theme in the practice related to the school garden that converges to science education and food and nutritional education. The research was carried out with reference to the concepts of Eni Orlandi’s speech and also of habitus, proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, as well as the concept of preliminary documentary analysis elucidated by André Cellard. The methodological course was carried out in certain stages in a non-linear way, being: participant observation of Food and Nutrition Education practices in the school context of science teaching, with interface with school garden, and documentary analysis of the didactic book of sciences and documents food and nutrition officials. As a result, it was possible to understand that the discourse about food present in the school presents in a product of the convergence of several interdiscourses as the present in the principles and guidelines of public policies, in the textbook, as well as in the school environment itself. This discourse carries a prescriptive character under food, but also reproduces a discourse of resistance against the hegemony of large industries, while valuing the ideas of autonomy and sustainability.
Keywords: Food and nutritional education; science teaching; speech.
Title: EFEITO DA DIGESTÃO IN VITRO E FERMENTAÇÃO COLÔNICA EX VIVO COM PROBIÓTICOS SOBRE OS COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DE UMA BEBIDA MISTA DE MARACUJÁ, MAÇÃ E MEL
Author: Iris Batista Leite
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/26/2018
Abstract: Surveys involving chronic non-communicable diseases are of great relevance in Brazil and the world by increasing their prevalence. In order to help reduce the risk of these diseases, a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables has been shown to be of great importance, partly due to the presence of bioactive compounds (CBAs). However, the CBAs present in these foods, when passing through the digestive tract, undergo structural modifications generating different metabolites, in reactions that rely on the direct participation of the intestinal microbiota. In this sense, the mixed beverage composed by the association of passion fruit, apple and honey was elaborated as a rich preparation model in CBAs to study these modifications. The mixed beverage was digested in vitro by means of a mixture of buffers, digestion enzymes, in time and temperature suitable to mimic the digestive process. In each phase of in vitro digestion the total phenolic compounds content, the antioxidant capacity by FRAP and TEAC and the phenolic compounds profile by HPLC-DAD-MS were evaluated. With the extract obtained from the intestinal phase the colonic fermentation ex vivo was carried out, with or without addition of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12. During the fermentation, the profile of the phenolic compounds at 0, 4 and 24 hours, and the profile of the intestinal microbiota were analyzed in the 24 hour time. We observed that, during in vitro digestion, there was an increase in total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds found in the mixed beverage were gallic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin and rutin, with 5- caffeoylquinic acid being the major compound. At the beginning of the digestion (oral phase), gallic acid was no longer found and 3-caffeoylquinic acid was identified. At the end of the digestion (intestinal phase), 5-caffeoylquinaic acid showed a 105% increase in its content while 3-caffeoylquinic acid remained relatively stable during all phases. Quercetin and rutin had a decrease of 32 and 36%, respectively. Ex vivo fermentation was performed with the donation of feces from 3 volunteers. The profile of the intestinal microbiota (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Ɣ-Proteobacteria) of the xii volunteers was analyzed, and distinct profiles were observed among the donors, resulting in the identified variation among the compounds at the fermentation times analyzed. In general, the rutin was not found during fermentation in any volunteer, and the contents of 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3- caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin decreased, with quercetin being the major compound. Ex vivo fermentation, with addition of probiotic bacteria, generated different results among the volunteers, mainly in relation to quercetin. A Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12 appears to alter the microbiota profile making it favorable for the hydrolysis of these CBAs. Thus, the use of a mixture of ingredients in the preparation of a mixed beverage may increase the supply of phenolic compounds, but this profile can be modified along gastrointestinal digestion by the intestinal microbiota action, which may be impacted by the addition of bacteria probiotic.
Keywords: in vitro digestion, ex vivo fermentation, phenolic compounds, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12, mixed beverage.
Title: MUDANÇAS NA PRÁTICA DE REFEIÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES RESIDENTES EM UM SUBDISTRITO DE ALTA VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO EM PERÍODO DE 5 ANOS: 2005-2010
Author: Rebecca De Almeida Maravalhas
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/22/2018
Abstract: Meal consumption has been investigated as a possible protective factor for obesity and comorbidities, especially in adolescence. Adolescence is characterized by changes in consumption, eating patterns and lifestyle, which makes it important to recognize how these practices, have been evolved over time and which factors influence them. The objective of the study was to describe the changes in the meal consumption in adolescents and the factors that are associated with these changes, in 5 years. Data from two cross-sectional, population-based studies were carried out through home visits, where variables related to household residents were investigated. In both surveys, adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years who were not physically disabled and who were not pregnant were considered eligible. In 2005, the final sample was 1089 households and 511 adolescents were considered. In 2010, the final sample was 1121 households, considering the data of 314 adolescents. Among the adolescents studied, there was an increase in the daily replacement of the traditional lunch for snacks (3.7% vs 13.7%) and traditional dinner consumption (62.9% vs 72.0%), in period of 5 years. There was an association between the daily breakfast practice and the BMI classification, in the two moments of the study (2005-2010), so that those overweight consume breakfast less frequently than those without overweight (68.3% vs 79.3% and 59, 5% vs. 77.4%, respectively). There was an association of disordered eating behaviors (CADs) (restrictive diet or fasting) with the practice of meals, with a greater chance of daily consumption of traditional meals for those who do not have this CAD. There is a need to follow up on inadequate eating practices and disordered eating behaviors, to avoid worsening the nutritional profile of these adolescents, and the associated risks that such changes may cause.
Keywords: Meal consumption, Adolescent, BMI, CADs
Title: INVESTIGAÇÃO DO METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO EM REPOUSO DE ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES DE FUTEBOL MASCULINO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM PARÂMETROS CORPORAIS E BIOQUÍMICOS
Author: Taillan Martins De Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/20/2018
Abstract: The energy metabolism is responsible for the energy maintenance and nutrients availability in vital activities in adolescent’s athletes such as growing, development and physical effort. The evaluation can be performed by laboratory exams as indirect calorimetry and using predictive equations to determine the metabolic resting rate. The hormonal activity, physical effort and metabolic, body composition and food intake may have an interact with the metabolism. To evaluate energy metabolism and it associations could contribute to the nutritional diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the resting energy metabolism of soccer male adolescent’s athletes and to associate with body composition and laboratory variables. Total body mass, height, 24-hour recall, electric bio impedance, resting indirect calorimetry and blood concentrations of gamma-glutamyl trasnferase, creatine kinase, insulin and leptin were collected for the purpose of the study. Statistical tests were performed as Student’s Ttest, pearson correlation, linear regression, Blandand Altman test and survival analysis. The research was divided into two parts with the purpose of publishing two different papers. The comparation between resting metabolic rate obtained by indirect calorimetry (IC) and by predictive equations (FAO, ONU, Harris and Benedict (HB), Henry and Rees (HR) and Cunnighan) shows a significant difference between FAO/ONU AND HR equations in comparation with IC. HB shows better agreement with IC in accordance with Blandand Altman test. Following survival analysis, it was found that predicative equations presented disagreement from 200 to 400 Kcal by day for athletes. For the second part of results, individuals were grouped according to the mean of fat mass percentage. The associoation for athletes that was below the mean between hormonal concentrations and energy susbtrates, and athletes who was above the mean had an association between food intake at the day before the test with the oxidation rates. In conclusion, predictive equation did not present satisfactory results when compared with IC. Thus, it is suggested a new study with a specific formula for adolescent’s athletes considering the relations between body fat percentage, hormonal control, food intake and energy metabolism adaptation.
Keywords:
Title: CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS POR GESTANTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS PRÉVIO EM USO DE CONTAGEM DE CARBOIDRATOS: UM ESTUDO DE COORTE
Author: Carolina Felizardo De Moraes Da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/19/2018
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy may lead to greater risks of undesired outcomes for the pregnant woman and the concept. Healthy eating is one of the pillars of the treatment, and can be guided by the method of carbohydrate counting (CCHO), which allows greater autonomy, and good results are described in glycemic control. It is relevant to guide adequate food choices, since evidence points to the innumerable risks associated with high consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UFP) in different populations. Aims: to evaluate the consumption of UPF by pregnant women with previous DM using the CCHO, in addition to investigating the association with perinatal outcomes total weight gain and glycemic control. Methods: A cohort study developed at a reference public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with adult pregnant women with a diagnosis of DM prior to pregnancy, with no other chronic morbidities. Dietary intake was evaluated by questionnaire of frequency of semiquantitative consumption, in the second and third trimesters, adopting the NOVA classification to identify the reported UPF. Weight was measured at all consultations and laboratory tests were evaluated at each gestational trimester. Multivariate linear regression was used in the analysis. Results: Pregnant women (n = 42) presented mean total gestational gain of 12.02 ± 4.8 kg, 65.8% of them with inadequacy. The daily consumption of UPF was 317.29 ± 187.28 Kcal and 272.37 ± 170.55 Kcal, respectively, representing 16.9 ± 7.7% and 15.2 ± 10% of the average daily energy consumption. The increase of every 1 kcal in the caloric intake from UPF in the third trimester increased the glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.007, p = 0.025), 0.14 mg / dL of postprandial 1-hour glycemia (β = 0.143, p = 0.011) and 0.11 kg in the total gestational weight gain (β = 0.11, p = 0.006). No associations were found between the consumption of UPF in the second trimester and the outcomes. Conclusion: UPF consumption influenced glycemic control and total gestational weight gain in pregnant women with DM. It is necessary to intensify nutritional orientation and education strategies for pregnant women with pregestational DM in use of CCHO, in order to reducing UFP consumption.
Keywords: Maternal nutrition. Prenatal care. High risk pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose. Weight gain.
Title: CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL PARA MULHERES NO PERÍODO PÓS-PARTO, NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA, EM MANGUINHOS – RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ
Author: Karina Dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/18/2017
Abstract: There is a high prevalence of obesity among Brazilian women. Postpartum weight retention (PWR) is one of the factors that contributes to women’s weight gain over the childbearing years. Nutritional interventions are effective in the reduction of PWR, however, there is no protocol that prioritizes the monitoring of women’s health and nutrition in this period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutritional care proposal for PWR reduction, at Primary Health Care. This is a quasi-experimental study carried out at two Basic Care Units in a low-income urban neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. Women were invited to participate in this study if they were 6 to 9 months postpartum and had PWR. The intervention consisted of 4 individual monthly appointments with a nutritionist, complemented by additional support through a smartphone app and social network website. The meal plan was designed from the translation and adaptation of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the Brazilian population. The anthropometric evaluation included measures of weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The women who finished the study (n = 26) had a significant reduction in PWR (median -1.80 kg, p = 0.004), body mass index (-0.57 kg/m², p= 0.004), and waist circumference (-2.50 cm, p = 0.024). There was a reduction in body fat percentage, but it was not statistically significant (- 1.05%, p = 0.346). Good adherence to the meal plan was observed, with a reduction in energy consumption (-496.11 kcal/day, p = 0.028) and intake of saturated fats (-4.10% of the energy value, p = 0.005), and increase of the consumption of whole grains (+1.00 portion/day, p= 0.050). The proposed nutritional care improved the diet quality and promoted a reduction in weight retention, body mass index and waist circumference in postpartum women
Keywords: Postpartum period. Diet, Food, and Nutrition. Maternal Nutrition. Women’s Health. Primary Health Care. Nutrition, Public Health.
Title: EFICÁCIA DAS EQUAÇÕES DE PREDIÇÃO DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO DE REPOUSO E PROPOSTA DE NOVA EQUAÇÃO DE PREDIÇÃO PARA INDIVÍDUOS COM OBESIDADE
Author: Carla Raiane Angelina Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/7/2017
Abstract: Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. For execution of the main nutritional strategy, which uses a hypocaloric diet as a means of favoring the negative energy balance, it is necessary the knowledge of resting energy expenditure (REE). Prediction equations (PE) are used when the realization of the indirect calorimetry (IC) is not possible. However, the PE may present inadequations for the obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the predictions equations are effective for estimate the resting energy expenditure of the individuals with obesity grades 1 e 2, and develop new equations specifically for this group. This is a cross-sectional study that used baseline data from five other obesity studies, evaluating REE by IC and PE. The anthropometric variables and laboratory analyzes (glycemia and blood lipids) were evaluated for characterization of the sample. The differences were compared by unpaired Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U, between genders, and paired Student’s t test or Wilcoxon, between REE-IC and REE-PE. The concordance between the methods was analysed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (p 0.05). There was a very strongy significant correlation for Mifflin-FFM, Owen, Owen-FFM and HB-AdW, with a lower confiance interval for Owen (p
Keywords: obesity, prediction equation, resting energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry.
Title: METABOLISMO ÓSSEO EM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS OBESOS SUBMETIDOS AO BYPASS GÁSTRICO EM Y DE ROUX
Author: Debora Pinto De Oliveira Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 11/28/2017
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a disease of great social impact and has been progressively increasing its prevalence, especially among adolescents. In the more advanced stages of this disease, bariatric surgery is effective for control, and the Gastric Bypass Surgery (BGYR) is one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world. However, this surgical technique promotes metabolic alterations that favour nutritional complications, such as those related to bone metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare bone metabolism in adolescents and adults before and after BGYR. Materials and methods: A longitudinal comparative study of adolescents (G1) with severe obesity and adults (G2) with obesity class III attended at a private clinic of bariatric and metabolic surgery, in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ. The groups were evaluated 30 days before (T0), and after six (T1) and 12 months (T2) of BGYR, being submitted to clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. The time of sun exposure before surgery and the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were evaluated in the three study times. Bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and lumbar spine was assessed after BGYR. Results: The sample consisted of 60 adolescents and 60 adults. Both groups presented a high frequency of 25(OH)D inadequacy, with no statistical difference between them, in all times studied. Mean solar exposure time was 17 ± 2.0 minutes/day and 13.2 ± 5.2 minutes/day for G1 and G2, respectively at T0. Adolescents presented a high frequency of deficiencies of calcium (66.7%), phosphorus (80.0%) and zinc (18.3%), before BGYR and a significant reduction on concentration of 25(OH)D and magnesium between T1 and T2 (p <0.01). There was a significant increase in PTH in both groups between T1 and T2 (G1: p = 0.04, G2: p = 0.02) and between T0 and T2 (G1 and G2: p <0.01). The frequency of subjects with z-scores below the reference values was high in both sites, with no statistical difference between groups and between study times. It was observed that 40.4% of the adults with inadequate BMD z-scores in the femoral neck and lumbar spine had 25(OH)D deficiency or deficiency in T2. Conclusion: The performance of BGYR in adolescents and adults with obesity aggravated the inadequacy of micronutrients related to bone metabolism, associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and low BMD values, especially in adolescents, even during vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Such findings raise concerns regarding the bone health of the obese population submitted to BGYR.
Keywords: Obesity, adolescents, adults, bone metabolism, Gastric Bypass Surgery
Title: FATORES PREDITORES DE ANEMIA EM PACIENTES AMBULATORIAIS COM RETOCOLITE ULCERATIVA, ACOMPANHADOS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Author: Anna Carolina Coimbra De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/31/2017
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DA INCORPORAÇÃO DO ÁCIDO GRAXO ALFA-LINOLÊNICO (N-3) DOS ÓLEOS DE ROSA MOSQUETA (ROSA AFF. RUBIGINOSA) E CHIA (SALVIA HISPÂNICA L.) E EFEITO DESTES ÓLEOS SOBRE A ATIVIDADE INFLAMATÓRIA TECIDUAL
Author: Natalia Gomes Casanova De Oliveira E Castro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/6/2017
Abstract: Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption is associated with numerous health benefits, such as lower activation of inflammatory pathways and lower risk for metabolic diseases development. Food sources of n-3 PUFA include marine animals, wich provide docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and also plant sources, such as seeds, wich provide alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). High ingestions of omega-6 (n-6) PUFA, found in bovine meet and vegetable oils such as soy and corn oils, associated with low ingestions of n-3 PUFA, may characterize an inadequate n-6/n-3 dietetic ingestion, associated with higher risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease development, and also greater tissue and systemic inflammation. The present study evaluated if the source of n-3 PUFA (vegetable or marine) produces different effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory tissue mediators. C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed in four experimental groups, according to the normocaloric and isoenergetic chow they were fed, from weaning to the sixth month. Diets varied only according to the lipid source added, constituiting soy group (GS), chia group (GCh), rosa mosqueta group (GRM) and fish group (GP). When animals completed 180 days, they were submitted to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and at 200 days of life, they were submitted to blood arrest through cardiac punction and euthanized. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesteral and HDL were determined through enzymatic colorimetric assay. Fatty acid composition of plasma and tissues was determined with gas chromatography. Plasma and tissue levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, insulin, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were determined with multiplex immunoassay. Western Blotting analyses quantified proteins envolved in the inflammatory pathway modulated by TLR4 and NF-κB. GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with p<0.05. Chow consumption and body weight evolution were not influenced by modifications in dietary lipids. Plasma, liver and brain obtained from animals of the same groups incorporated fatty acids in distinct manners, demonstrationg that each tissue has metabolic singularities wich favour the greater or lower incorporation of each fatty acid. Plasma total cholesterol was lower in the groups consuming diets with higher n-3 PUFA content. Dietetic n-6/n-3 ratio manipulation did not alter plasma glucose, triglyceride, adiponectin nor glucose tolerance. Higher n-6 PUFA ingestion did not result in higher contents of the proteins involved in the TLR-4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Keywords: n-6/n-3 ratio, alpha-linolenic acid, chia oil, rosa mosqueta oil, inflammation, adipokine, citokine, glucose homeostasis, cholesterol.
Title: CONSUMO MATERNO DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE ÓLEO DE PALMA DURANTE O PERÍODO PERINATAL E SEUS EFEITOS SOBRE A ADIPOSIDADE E FUNÇÃO MITOCONDRIAL HEPÁTICA DA PROLE ADULTA DE CAMUNDONGOS
Author: Raisa Magno De Araujo Ramos Dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/23/2017
Abstract: African palm oil (APO), when consumed at critical times of development, may predispose to metabolic changes associated with obesity in adulthood. Hybrid palm oil (HPO), compared to APO, has a lower content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). However, there are still few studies that demonstrate the effects of HPO on health. We evaluated the effect of the consumption of normolipid diets containing these two palm varieties during the perinatal period on the adiposity and hepatic mitochondrial function of the adult offspring of mice at 100 days of age. The pregnant females were fed during gestation and lactation with control diet (containing soybean oil – CG); diet with APO (APG) or diet with OPH (HPG). After weaning, the offspring of males received control diet until the analyzes were completed. A manual collection of visceral compartments and computed tomography were performed to measure the adiposity of the animals. The hepatic tissue was extracted for isolation of mitochondria, and later, mitochondrial function was analyzed through high resolution respirometry and hydrogen peroxide production. The evaluation of glycemic homeostasis was performed by means of the intraperotoneal glucose tolerance test. The incorporation of fatty acids into tissues was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Occasional differences in consumption were observed in the 1st and 2nd week after weaning (APG> HPG and CG), with no significant difference in body mass between groups. Regarding adiposity of the offspring, the sum of the epididimal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose compartments in APG was significantly higher in relation to CG (+ 60%) and HPG (+ 34%). In the analysis of abdominal subcutaneous adiposity by computed tomography, APG showed greater accumulation of this tissue when compared to CG (+ 124%), while HPG was statistically equal to CG and APG. The fatty acid profile of the epididymal adipose tissue shows that only the APG showed lower PUFA incorporation, as well as a higher desaturation index (16:1/16: 0), when compared to the control. In the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, no significant differences were identified between the groups when calculating the areas under the curve. At 100 days of age, APG offspring presented significantly higher total SFA uptake, especially stearic acid, in hepatic tissue relative to CG and HPG. In the evaluation of the functional capacity of hepatic mitochondria, no differences were found regarding oxygen consumption and hydrogen peroxide production between groups. While the consumption of APO promoted deleterious effects on the accumulation of adiposity and caused changes in the fatty acid profile of the adipose and hepatic tissue of the offspring, the consumption of HPO was presented as a possible alternative lipid source, with similar outcomes to the control. These results demonstrate that the replacement of SFA by MUFA or PUFA in the diet during the perinatal period may favor the occurrence of more favorable metabolic phenotypes in the offspring.
Keywords:
Title: EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE QUERCETINA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO FÍSICO E PERFIL METABÓLICO EM RATOS WISTAR
Author: Lissa Bantim Frambach
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/10/2017
Abstract: Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in vegetable origin foods, mainly in onion and apple, and has been related to benefits in several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, heart and liver diseases, among others. Recently, it has also been studied for effects on physical performance. The results are controversial, and it action mechanisms isn’t elucidated very well. In this context, for the study of biological functions of bioactive compounds and identification of altered metabolic pathways, the metabolomic approach has been highlighted for making a simultaneous analysis of all metabolites present in samples. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on the physical performance and metabolic profile of wistar rats. Two types of quercetin were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 30 animals were divided into 3 groups: Control (C), Quercetin analytical standard (QAS) and Quercetin food grade (QFG). The rats were supplemented for 9 days, had body mass and food intake controlled and physical capacity assessed by physical treadmill test. After this period, the muscles and fats weights, the in vitro tetanic force and the cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle were evaluated. In addition, the metabolic profile of the animals’ blood was evaluated by NMR metabolomic approach. It was observed that quercetins profile is the same, being related to the aglycone form. Supplementation with both quercetin was able to significantly reduce weight gain (C = 19,78 ± 2,17 g; QPA = 13,10 ± 1,88 g; QGA = 11,78 ± 1,40 g), without altering food intake (C = 215,9 ± 4,3 g; QPA = 211,5 ± 4,1 g; QGA = 204,0 ± 3,3 g). It increased the weight of the soleus muscle, but not of the gastrocnemius and the evaluated fat compartments. There was an increase in maximum physical capacity (C = 1,41 ± 3,04 %; QPA = 11,46 ± 4,94 %; QGA = 30,40 ± 8,18 %) and tetanic force (C = 47,03 ± 4,46 g; QPA = 70,58 ± 7,34 g; QGA = 78,83 ± 5,64 g), but there was no change in the cross-sectional area, indicating that quercetin may exert these effects through other pathways than the muscle hypertrophy. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) of the data obtained by NMR showed that the supplements did not provide differences in the blood metabolic profile, however, the identification of VLDL, lipid, lactate, creatine, alanine, glutamine, glucose and acetate as the metabolites that most varied between the groups (VIP scores), may be indicating a possible metabolism modulation, mainly pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. It is concluded that these results showed that quercetin promoted improvements in physical capacity parameters, inferring its potential as a possible tool to increase performance.
Keywords: Quercetin, physical performance, metabolic profile, NMR
Title: EFEITO DE EXTRATOS AQUOSOS E COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DO CAFÉ (COFFEA ARABICA) SOBRE A MULTIPLICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PROBIÓTICAS
Author: Amanda Luisa Sales
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/2/2017
Abstract: Prebiotic effect is the beneficial physiological outcome that arises from the modulation of the composition and/or activity of the intestinal microbiota through the metabolism of a nondigestible compound. Nondigestible or partially digestible compounds such as polysaccharides (galactomannan and type 2 arabionogalactan) andchlorogenic acids in Coffea arabica have been studied recently, as an enhancing agent for beneficial microbiota growth. Among important bioactive compounds in coffee are caffeine and trigonelline, which showed selective antimicrobial effect in vitro. The aim of this dissertation was systematically evaluate the prebiotic potential of aqueous extracts of Coffea arabica species in different roasting degrees, as well as its bioactive compounds present in these extracts. Regular and decaffeinated soluble coffee extractsand the bioactive compounds chlorogenic acids (CGA), trigonelline (TG), caffeine (CAF), galactomannan and type 2 arabinogalactan (AG), were separately incorporated into a modified culture medium in diferent concentrations. The growth of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (GG), L. acidophilus LA-5 (LA) Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 (BA) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (BB12), and the non-probiotic Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli). After 48h of incubation, regular coffee extracts increased the count of Lactobacillus species (~ 4.43 log CFU/mL) and Bifidobacterium species (~ 4.34 log CFU/mL), regardless of roasting degree and concentration. No differences were found in the growth of the strains in the presence of decaffeinated coffee extracts, when compared to the base medium without the coffee extracts. However, in relation to bioactive compounds, the growth of GG in 50mg of caffeine (1.64 log CFU/mL). For the Bifidobacterium strains, the greatest growth was observed for BA in 400mg of CGA (1.87 log CFU/mL); 50, 100, 200, 800mg of GM (~ 0.28 log CFU/mL), 50 and 400mg of AG (~ 0.16 log CFU/mL). For BB12, the greatest growth were in 200 and 400 mg of CGA (~1.62 log CFU/mL) and 200, 400 and 800 mg of GM (~ 0.60 log CFU/mL) and in all concentrations of AG (~ 0.76 log CFU/mL). Differently from the results found for the probiotic bacteria, none of the coffee extracts and bioactive compounds stimulated E. coli growth. The present dissertation results suggest that the coffee bioactive compounds can improve the growth of health-beneficial microorganisms that occur naturally in the intestinal tract, or used as probiotics, thus exerting a potencial prebiotic effect.
Keywords: Coffee; prebiotics; probiotics; galactomannans; type 2 arabinogalactans; chlorogenic acids; caffeine; trigonelline.
Title: ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E LIPOPROTEÍNAS CIRCULANTES EM GESTANTES ADULTAS COM OBESIDADE PRÉ-GESTACIONAL: RELAÇÃO COM O PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DO SANGUE DO CORDÃO E PARÂMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS DO RECÉM-NASCIDO
Author: Marcelle De Almeida Saraiva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/8/2017
Abstract: Although the effects of obesity on metabolic changes specific of gestation are not well understood, it’s known that the exacerbation of alterations in lipid metabolism due to maternal obesity might result in changes in lipoprotein and fatty acid (FA) of circulation, both maternal and fetal, affecting the anthropometric parameters of the newborns. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of fatty acids in maternal and umbilical cord blood from eutrophic and pre gestational obese adult mothers and its relationship with anthropometric parameters of newborn. Study included pregnant women, with classification of the pre gestational nutrition status according to BMI maternal obesity grades 1 and 2 (n = 9) and eutrophic (n = 15), attended at the School Maternity of UFRJ / RJ. Maternal and newborn anthropometric data were collected through medical records . Samples of maternal blood were collected in the first (T1) and third (T2) gestational period, for analysis of maternal lipoproteins and for extraction of lipids, as well as umbilical cord. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 19 software and was considered statistically significant when p≥0.05. Our results showed that in women who began prenatal obesity with the average concentrations in FA linolenic T1 and serum triglycerides , LDL, VLDL in T2 were lower than in eutrophic pregnant women. Whereas the content of LCPUFA: EPA T1 and T2; AA T2; Σn3 T2 were higher in obese pregnant women. In conclusion, pre-gestational obesity influenced circulating in maternal of EFA, not reflecting, however, on the FA profile in the blood of newborns, either on the anthropometric measurements at birth.
Keywords: Pre-pregnancy obesity, Fatty acids, Lipoproteins, Cord blood, Birth weight
Title: EFEITOS DA QUERCETINA E CRISINA E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO SOBRE A VIABILIDADE E PROGRESSÃO DO CICLO CELULAR EM LINHAGENS TUMORAIS DE MAMA MCF-7 E MDA-MB-231
Author: Patricia Severo Ramos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/5/2017
Abstract: Breast cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women worldwide and presents estimates of 57,960 incident cases for the biennium 2016/2017. Flavonoids quercetin, found in apples and onions, and chrysin, found in honey and propolis, play a role as an anticancer agent, however its precise mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of these flavonoids, isolated and in association, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the non-tumor MCF-10A cells culture. Cellular viability analysis by MTT assay was performed. It was observed that, according to the IC50 values, chrysin was the most cytotoxic flavonoid for all the cell lines (MCF-7 = 232.5 µM, MDA-MB-231 = 170.0 µM), with the non-tumoral being the most sensitive to the treatment (110.3 µM). The combination of the compounds significantly reduced cell viability in the MCF-7 cell line when preincubated with 10 μM quercetin for 1 hour (IC50 = 60.6 µM). The Combination Index showed that the association had a synergistic effect in the tumoral cell lines and antagonistic effect in the non-tumoral one (MCF-7 = 0.447, MDA-MB-231 = 0.725, MCF-10A = 1.797). It was observed that the associated treatment presented greater selectivity for the tumor cell lines than for the non-tumoral (MCF-10A/MCF-7 = 1.63, MCF-10A/MDA-MB-231 = 2.29). The association generated a larger number of apoptotic cells in the tumor lines. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the associated treatment caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Among the caspases observed by immunoblotting in this study, it was not possible to define a probable pathway for induction of cell death, and further studies need to be performed with the objective of verifying which other apoptotic pathways may be altered by the combination of the bioactive compounds used in this dissertation. Taken together, these results show the effect of the association of quercetin and chrysin on the induction of cell death by apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, inferring its potential as a possible tool for the treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast cancer, quercetin, chrysin, apoptosis, association.
Title: RESPOSTA ALIMENTAR À INFUSÃO INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR DE ANOREXÍGENOS E EXPRESSÃO DE OBRB E FOXO 1 EM HIPOTÁLAMO DE RATAS SOB RESTRIÇÃO ALIMENTAR INTERMITENTE
Author: Carlos Marcelo Concha Vilca
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/27/2017
Abstract: We aimed to analyze the food response to anorexigenic infusion and expression of ObRb and FOXO 1 in the hypothalamus of non-obese females Wistar in intermittent food restriction (IFR). The rats (n = 60), with 67-days of life, were divided for 6 weeks in the groups: Control (C, chow and water ad libitum) and Restricted 3 (R3) and 5 (R5), maintained with access to water and 2 days to 50% of group C food intake, followed by 3 or 5 days of free chow respectively. For the injections of vehicle (saline 0.9%) and anorexigenic agents (insulin, serotonin and leptin) the rats were submitted to stereotaxical surgery to receive intracerebroventricular cannula (i.c.v). Both restricted groups showed lower cumulative food intake in the experimental period versus C, without difference in the intake after feeding cycle. The R3 group presented higher consumption in the 3 days and R5 in 2 days subsequent to the food restriction versus C. We observed lower body weight gain in the R5 group. Both restricted groups did not respond to icv injection of anorexigenic agents and showed lower hypothalamic expression of ObRb mRNA, but without change in FOXO 1 mRNA expression. We concluded that IFR in non-obese female Wistar interrupted the response to important anorexigenic agents, promoted post-restriction hyperphagia and affected the initial steps of the hypothalamic leptin pathway. We suggest that IFR can determine impair in hypothalamic anorexigenic regulation and obesogenic parameters.
Keywords: Intermittent food restriction, hypothalamics anorexigenics, ObRb, FOXO 1, binge food.
Title: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A TITULARIDADE DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA E AS PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES DE FAMÍLIAS BENEFICIÁRIAS RESIDENTES NO MUNICÍPIO DE DUQUE DE CAXIAS – RJ
Author: Viviane Dos Anjos Maresi
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/21/2017
Abstract: The present dissertation entitled “A relação entre a titularidade do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e as práticas alimentares de famílias beneficiárias residentes no Município de Duque de Caxias-RJ” is a qualitative study of the descriptive kind. This study is part of a larger research Project entitled “Pobreza Extrema, Insegurança Alimentar e Políticas Públicas: Estudo Longitudinal de Famílias Atendidas pelo Programa Bolsa Família no Município de Duque de Caxias”. The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between the PBF ownership (men/woman) and the feeding practices of beneficiary families. Besides, it had as a purpose to analyze the perceptions on the PBF and ownership and to know the PBF beneficiary families feeding practices and the elements which contribute to its construction. It was utilized the Depth Hermeneutics described by Thompson (2002) as the methodological reference, and the Content Analysis Thematic as the analytical reference, proposed by Bardin (2011) and modified by Minayo et al. (2012). Data construction was made through semistructured interviews with the use of a guiding protocol and observations. Five men and five women PBF ownerships resident at Campos Elíseos district, municipality of Duque de Caxias, were interviewed from November 2015 and April 2016. The interviewed men expressed the necessity to justify their ownership rights for having children of their own or sickness demonstrating a lack of knowledge for having their rights to PBF. For woman the ownership meant security, autonomy and freedom, mainly for those who depended on their husband or exhusband’s incomes before. The PBF income was usually administrated by women, even in the cases in which the ownership were the men. In the presence of a woman in the family it was her who administrated it. Woman expressed the understanding that the benefit should be addressed to her because it would be utilized mainly to attend to their children needs and other related basic maintenances, as the acquisition of food chiefly, in addition to clothes, medical consulting, internet and school material. It is concluded in this sense that the PBF influenced the feeding practices of the beneficiary families in what regard to the acquisition of food. However, the subject relationship with the feeding practices were not modified, in other words, men and woman had different but complementary roles in what regard to the feeding practices, gender role models are constructed socially and in the family environment. Generally speaking, the men had the responsibility to provide incomes to the acquisition of food, and the woman had the responsibility to buy, prepare and distribute food.
Keywords: Feeding, Culture, Qualitative Research, Government Programs, Programa Bolsa Família.
Title: TRAJETÓRIA DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES PLASMÁTICAS DA VITAMINA D AO LONGO DA GESTAÇÃO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS.
Author: Amanda Caroline Cunha Figueiredo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/21/2017
Abstract: Pregnancy is characterized by biological, physical and social changes. During this period occurs physiological adaptations in the vitamin D metabolism and can also be a vulnerable period for the increase of depressive symptoms. The objectives of this study were: 1. To investigate if vitamin D status in early pregnancy influences the longitudinal changes of plasma concentrations of 1,25 dihydrovitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] during pregnancy. 2. To investigate the association between plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) and 1,25(OH)2D with the occurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. This study consists of a prospective cohort conducted at a public health care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample consisted of women with low pregnancy risk, age between 20 and 40 years, followed at 5 th -13th, 20th -26th, 30th -36th gestational weeks. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were collected during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The vitamin D status was categorized according to concentrations of 25(OH)D nmol/L by the Institute of Medicine and the Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines. Depressive symptoms were measured at each pregnancy trimester by Edinburg Postnatal Depressive Scale (cutoff ≥13). Statistical analyses included dispersion measures of sample and longitudinal analysis [longitudinal linear mixed-effects models (objective 1) and random intercept logistic regression model (objective 2)]. Covariates were selected as potential confounders based on biological plausibility and bivariate analysis with the outcome (objective 1) and directed acyclic graph (DAG) (objective 2). The prevalence of 25(OH)D <75, <50 and <30 nmol/L in the first trimester was 70.4%, 16.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Multiple adjusted analysis showed that women who started the study in winter (p-value<0.001), spring (p-value<0.001) or autumn (p-value=0.028) presented a longitudinal increase in 25(OH)D concentrations, while women that started during summer did not. Increase of 1,25(OH)2D concentrations over time in women with insufficient vitamin D (50-75 nmol/L) at baseline was higher compared to women with sufficient vitamin D (≥75 nmol/L) (p-value=0.006). The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 20.1%, 14.7% and 7.8% during first, second and third trimester, respectively and the probability of depressive symptoms decreased throughout pregnancy (p-value=0.005). Women with higher concentrations of 25(OH)D in the first trimester had a lower odds ratio of depressive symptoms during pregnancy (OR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99, p-value=0.047). In conclusion, there was a seasonal variation of 25(OH)D during pregnancy. Women with insufficient vitamin D status presented greater longitudinal increases in the concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in comparison to women with sufficiency. Women presented high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and the probability of depressive symptoms decreased throughout pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D in early pregnancy were inversely associated with occurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
Keywords: Vitamin D; depression; tropical country; cohort; pregnancy
Title: ELABORAÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E BIOACESSIBILIDADE DE UM GEL A BASE DA BETERRABA E AVALIAÇÃO DAS SUAS PROPRIEDADES FUNCIONAIS
Author: Marina Fernanda De Almeida Morgado
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/16/2017
Abstract: Due to nitrate, beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has been used as a strategy to increase the in vivo production of nitric oxide (NO) and, consequently, tissue oxygenation. However, when compared to other vegetables, beetroot does not have good acceptance by the population. Thus, new forms of beetroot presentation, which have good acceptance and presence of high levels of nitrate can be an alternative to increase NO synthesis and improve tissue oxygenation levels. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to elaborate a beetroot based nutritional gel (BG) and to determine the antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the levels of nitrate, potassium (K+ ) and total phenolic compounds (TP) of the elaborated gel, as well as the respective in vitro digestibilities of the compounds. In addition, the effect of BG intake on oxygenation, blood volume, muscle strength, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and urinary excretion of nitrate and nitrite in elderly subjects were evaluated. The centesimal composition was performed by official methods, nitrate and nitrite were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography, TAC and TP by spectrophotometry, K+ by flame photometer, SBP and DBP by automatic monitor, muscle strength by handgrip apparatus and oxygenation and muscle blood volume through near infrared spectroscopy. BG presented 76.1±0.5% moisture, 3.2±0.3% protein, 2.1±0.2% fixed mineral residue, 0.52±0.05% total lipids, 9.1±0.7% of total sugars. Significantly higher values of nitrate, TAC, TP and K+ were observed before and after in vitro digestion of BG when compared to beetroot juice. Regarding the functional properties, BG consumption promoted a significant improvement in muscle reoxygenation time and blood volume after exercise when compared to placebo (PLA) reduced nitrate intake. A significant reduction in strength decline was observed 30 minutes after the end of exercise in the BG group and a significant increase in the urinary concentration of nitrate and nitrite after BG intake. There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP between the two groups. The results suggest that the developed product, rich in nitrate, promotes improved oxygenation and muscle strength in elderly.
Keywords: Nitrate; Nitric oxide; Muscle Oxygenation; Aging.
Title: PADRÕES ALIMENTARES NO PERÍODO PRÉ-GESTACIONAL E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A VARIAÇÃO DOS LIPÍDIOS SÉRICOS DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO: ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO
Author: Ilana Eshriqui Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 1/25/2017
Abstract: Introduction: During pregnancy, physiological adaptations occur, resulting in an increase in serum lipids. Dietary patterns (DP) have been associated with adults lipid profile, however, studies conducted during pregnancy are scarce. Objective: To verify the association between pre-pregnancy DP and blood lipid variations during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective cohort conducted at the Municipal Health Center Heitor Beltrão, in Rio de Janeiro. The dependent variables [total cholesterol (TC); low (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides (TG)] were evaluated in 198 women at 1st trimester [5th -13th gestational weeks (GW)] and 186 at 2 nd (20th -26th GW) and 3 rd (30th -36th GW) trimesters. A food frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline (5 th -13th GW) to evaluate the dietary intake during the six months prior to pregnancy. The reduced rank regression (RRR) method was used to derive the DP. The predictor variables were represented by the food groups (g/day), and the response variables by dietary fiber density (g/kcal), dietary energy density (kcal/g) and the percent energy from saturated fat. The sample general characteristics were described in mean (standard deviation) and frequency. Crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects regression models (β, CI 95%) were performed to account for confounders [age, education, parity, leisure time physical activity before pregnancy, pregestational BMI, smoking and quadratic GW] and mediators [Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) e weight gain] on the association between DP and blood lipids. Interaction terms between DP and gestational age were tested. Results: Three pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were identified: ‘Fast food and candies’, ‘Vegetables and dairy’ and ‘Beans, bread and fat’. Together, the three patterns explained 20.3% and 77.4% of the predictor and response variables, respectively. ‘Fast food and candies’ was positively associated with TG (β=4.961; 95%CI=0.945-8.977; P=0.015). In the HDL-c rate of change prediction, significant interactions were observed between both ‘Fast food and candies’ and ‘Vegetables and dairy’ patterns and gestational age [(β=-0.053; 95%CI=-0.101- -0.004; P=0.035) and (β=0.055; 95%CI=-0.002-0.112; P=0.060), respectively]. The ‘Beans, bread and fat’ pattern was not associated with blood lipids. The associations remained significant and the regression coefficients changed less than 6% after the inclusion of potential mediators in the adjusted model. Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy DP were associated with gestational blood lipids, i.e. as higher the score of Fast food and candies pattern, higher was TG and lower was HDL-c rate of change during pregnancy; while the higher the score of Vegetables and dairy pattern, the higher the HDL-c rate of change over GW. HOMA-IR and weight gain presented a small mediating effect on the association of pre-pregnancy DP and blood lipids.
Keywords: Dietary pattern, pregnancy, lipids, cohort, reduced rank regression
Title: CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL PARA MULHERES NO PERÍODO PÓS-PARTO, NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA, EM MANGUINHOS – RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ
Author: Karina Dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/18/2017
Abstract: There is a high prevalence of obesity among Brazilian women. Postpartum weight retention (PWR) is one of the factors that contributes to women’s weight gain over the childbearing years. Nutritional interventions are effective in the reduction of PWR, however, there is no protocol that prioritizes the monitoring of women’s health and nutrition in this period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutritional care proposal for PWR reduction, at Primary Health Care. This is a quasi-experimental study carried out at two Basic Care Units in a low-income urban neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. Women were invited to participate in this study if they were 6 to 9 months postpartum and had PWR. The intervention consisted of 4 individual monthly appointments with a nutritionist, complemented by additional support through a smartphone app and social network website. The meal plan was designed from the translation and adaptation of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the Brazilian population. The anthropometric evaluation included measures of weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The women who finished the study (n = 26) had a significant reduction in PWR (median -1.80 kg, p = 0.004), body mass index (-0.57 kg/m², p= 0.004), and waist circumference (-2.50 cm, p = 0.024). There was a reduction in body fat percentage, but it was not statistically significant (- 1.05%, p = 0.346). Good adherence to the meal plan was observed, with a reduction in energy consumption (-496.11 kcal/day, p = 0.028) and intake of saturated fats (-4.10% of the energy value, p = 0.005), and increase of the consumption of whole grains (+1.00 portion/day, p= 0.050). The proposed nutritional care improved the diet quality and promoted a reduction in weight retention, body mass index and waist circumference in postpartum women
Keywords: Postpartum period. Diet, Food, and Nutrition. Maternal Nutrition. Women’s Health. Primary Health Care. Nutrition, Public Health.
Title: EFICÁCIA DAS EQUAÇÕES DE PREDIÇÃO DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO DE REPOUSO E PROPOSTA DE NOVA EQUAÇÃO DE PREDIÇÃO PARA INDIVÍDUOS COM OBESIDADE
Author: Carla Raiane Angelina Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/7/2017
Abstract: Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. For execution of the main nutritional strategy, which uses a hypocaloric diet as a means of favoring the negative energy balance, it is necessary the knowledge of resting energy expenditure (REE). Prediction equations (PE) are used when the realization of the indirect calorimetry (IC) is not possible. However, the PE may present inadequations for the obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the predictions equations are effective for estimate the resting energy expenditure of the individuals with obesity grades 1 e 2, and develop new equations specifically for this group. This is a cross-sectional study that used baseline data from five other obesity studies, evaluating REE by IC and PE. The anthropometric variables and laboratory analyzes (glycemia and blood lipids) were evaluated for characterization of the sample. The differences were compared by unpaired Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U, between genders, and paired Student’s t test or Wilcoxon, between REE-IC and REE-PE. The concordance between the methods was analysed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (p 0.05). There was a very strongy significant correlation for Mifflin-FFM, Owen, Owen-FFM and HB-AdW, with a lower confiance interval for Owen (p
Keywords: obesity, prediction equation, resting energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry.
Title: METABOLISMO ÓSSEO EM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS OBESOS SUBMETIDOS AO BYPASS GÁSTRICO EM Y DE ROUX
Author: Debora Pinto De Oliveira Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 11/28/2017
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a disease of great social impact and has been progressively increasing its prevalence, especially among adolescents. In the more advanced stages of this disease, bariatric surgery is effective for control, and the Gastric Bypass Surgery (BGYR) is one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world. However, this surgical technique promotes metabolic alterations that favour nutritional complications, such as those related to bone metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare bone metabolism in adolescents and adults before and after BGYR. Materials and methods: A longitudinal comparative study of adolescents (G1) with severe obesity and adults (G2) with obesity class III attended at a private clinic of bariatric and metabolic surgery, in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ. The groups were evaluated 30 days before (T0), and after six (T1) and 12 months (T2) of BGYR, being submitted to clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. The time of sun exposure before surgery and the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were evaluated in the three study times. Bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and lumbar spine was assessed after BGYR. Results: The sample consisted of 60 adolescents and 60 adults. Both groups presented a high frequency of 25(OH)D inadequacy, with no statistical difference between them, in all times studied. Mean solar exposure time was 17 ± 2.0 minutes/day and 13.2 ± 5.2 minutes/day for G1 and G2, respectively at T0. Adolescents presented a high frequency of deficiencies of calcium (66.7%), phosphorus (80.0%) and zinc (18.3%), before BGYR and a significant reduction on concentration of 25(OH)D and magnesium between T1 and T2 (p <0.01). There was a significant increase in PTH in both groups between T1 and T2 (G1: p = 0.04, G2: p = 0.02) and between T0 and T2 (G1 and G2: p <0.01). The frequency of subjects with z-scores below the reference values was high in both sites, with no statistical difference between groups and between study times. It was observed that 40.4% of the adults with inadequate BMD z-scores in the femoral neck and lumbar spine had 25(OH)D deficiency or deficiency in T2. Conclusion: The performance of BGYR in adolescents and adults with obesity aggravated the inadequacy of micronutrients related to bone metabolism, associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and low BMD values, especially in adolescents, even during vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Such findings raise concerns regarding the bone health of the obese population submitted to BGYR.
Keywords: Obesity, adolescents, adults, bone metabolism, Gastric Bypass Surgery
Title: FATORES PREDITORES DE ANEMIA EM PACIENTES AMBULATORIAIS COM RETOCOLITE ULCERATIVA, ACOMPANHADOS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Author: Anna Carolina Coimbra De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/31/2017
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DA INCORPORAÇÃO DO ÁCIDO GRAXO ALFA-LINOLÊNICO (N-3) DOS ÓLEOS DE ROSA MOSQUETA (ROSA AFF. RUBIGINOSA) E CHIA (SALVIA HISPÂNICA L.) E EFEITO DESTES ÓLEOS SOBRE A ATIVIDADE INFLAMATÓRIA TECIDUAL
Author: Natalia Gomes Casanova De Oliveira E Castro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/6/2017
Abstract: Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption is associated with numerous health benefits, such as lower activation of inflammatory pathways and lower risk for metabolic diseases development. Food sources of n-3 PUFA include marine animals, wich provide docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and also plant sources, such as seeds, wich provide alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). High ingestions of omega-6 (n-6) PUFA, found in bovine meet and vegetable oils such as soy and corn oils, associated with low ingestions of n-3 PUFA, may characterize an inadequate n-6/n-3 dietetic ingestion, associated with higher risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease development, and also greater tissue and systemic inflammation. The present study evaluated if the source of n-3 PUFA (vegetable or marine) produces different effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory tissue mediators. C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed in four experimental groups, according to the normocaloric and isoenergetic chow they were fed, from weaning to the sixth month. Diets varied only according to the lipid source added, constituiting soy group (GS), chia group (GCh), rosa mosqueta group (GRM) and fish group (GP). When animals completed 180 days, they were submitted to intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and at 200 days of life, they were submitted to blood arrest through cardiac punction and euthanized. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesteral and HDL were determined through enzymatic colorimetric assay. Fatty acid composition of plasma and tissues was determined with gas chromatography. Plasma and tissue levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, insulin, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were determined with multiplex immunoassay. Western Blotting analyses quantified proteins envolved in the inflammatory pathway modulated by TLR4 and NF-κB. GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with p<0.05. Chow consumption and body weight evolution were not influenced by modifications in dietary lipids. Plasma, liver and brain obtained from animals of the same groups incorporated fatty acids in distinct manners, demonstrationg that each tissue has metabolic singularities wich favour the greater or lower incorporation of each fatty acid. Plasma total cholesterol was lower in the groups consuming diets with higher n-3 PUFA content. Dietetic n-6/n-3 ratio manipulation did not alter plasma glucose, triglyceride, adiponectin nor glucose tolerance. Higher n-6 PUFA ingestion did not result in higher contents of the proteins involved in the TLR-4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Keywords: n-6/n-3 ratio, alpha-linolenic acid, chia oil, rosa mosqueta oil, inflammation, adipokine, citokine, glucose homeostasis, cholesterol.
Title: CONSUMO MATERNO DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE ÓLEO DE PALMA DURANTE O PERÍODO PERINATAL E SEUS EFEITOS SOBRE A ADIPOSIDADE E FUNÇÃO MITOCONDRIAL HEPÁTICA DA PROLE ADULTA DE CAMUNDONGOS
Author: Raisa Magno De Araujo Ramos Dos Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/23/2017
Abstract: African palm oil (APO), when consumed at critical times of development, may predispose to metabolic changes associated with obesity in adulthood. Hybrid palm oil (HPO), compared to APO, has a lower content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). However, there are still few studies that demonstrate the effects of HPO on health. We evaluated the effect of the consumption of normolipid diets containing these two palm varieties during the perinatal period on the adiposity and hepatic mitochondrial function of the adult offspring of mice at 100 days of age. The pregnant females were fed during gestation and lactation with control diet (containing soybean oil – CG); diet with APO (APG) or diet with OPH (HPG). After weaning, the offspring of males received control diet until the analyzes were completed. A manual collection of visceral compartments and computed tomography were performed to measure the adiposity of the animals. The hepatic tissue was extracted for isolation of mitochondria, and later, mitochondrial function was analyzed through high resolution respirometry and hydrogen peroxide production. The evaluation of glycemic homeostasis was performed by means of the intraperotoneal glucose tolerance test. The incorporation of fatty acids into tissues was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Occasional differences in consumption were observed in the 1st and 2nd week after weaning (APG> HPG and CG), with no significant difference in body mass between groups. Regarding adiposity of the offspring, the sum of the epididimal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose compartments in APG was significantly higher in relation to CG (+ 60%) and HPG (+ 34%). In the analysis of abdominal subcutaneous adiposity by computed tomography, APG showed greater accumulation of this tissue when compared to CG (+ 124%), while HPG was statistically equal to CG and APG. The fatty acid profile of the epididymal adipose tissue shows that only the APG showed lower PUFA incorporation, as well as a higher desaturation index (16:1/16: 0), when compared to the control. In the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, no significant differences were identified between the groups when calculating the areas under the curve. At 100 days of age, APG offspring presented significantly higher total SFA uptake, especially stearic acid, in hepatic tissue relative to CG and HPG. In the evaluation of the functional capacity of hepatic mitochondria, no differences were found regarding oxygen consumption and hydrogen peroxide production between groups. While the consumption of APO promoted deleterious effects on the accumulation of adiposity and caused changes in the fatty acid profile of the adipose and hepatic tissue of the offspring, the consumption of HPO was presented as a possible alternative lipid source, with similar outcomes to the control. These results demonstrate that the replacement of SFA by MUFA or PUFA in the diet during the perinatal period may favor the occurrence of more favorable metabolic phenotypes in the offspring.
Keywords:
Title: EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE QUERCETINA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO FÍSICO E PERFIL METABÓLICO EM RATOS WISTAR
Author: Lissa Bantim Frambach
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/10/2017
Abstract: Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in vegetable origin foods, mainly in onion and apple, and has been related to benefits in several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, heart and liver diseases, among others. Recently, it has also been studied for effects on physical performance. The results are controversial, and it action mechanisms isn’t elucidated very well. In this context, for the study of biological functions of bioactive compounds and identification of altered metabolic pathways, the metabolomic approach has been highlighted for making a simultaneous analysis of all metabolites present in samples. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on the physical performance and metabolic profile of wistar rats. Two types of quercetin were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 30 animals were divided into 3 groups: Control (C), Quercetin analytical standard (QAS) and Quercetin food grade (QFG). The rats were supplemented for 9 days, had body mass and food intake controlled and physical capacity assessed by physical treadmill test. After this period, the muscles and fats weights, the in vitro tetanic force and the cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle were evaluated. In addition, the metabolic profile of the animals’ blood was evaluated by NMR metabolomic approach. It was observed that quercetins profile is the same, being related to the aglycone form. Supplementation with both quercetin was able to significantly reduce weight gain (C = 19,78 ± 2,17 g; QPA = 13,10 ± 1,88 g; QGA = 11,78 ± 1,40 g), without altering food intake (C = 215,9 ± 4,3 g; QPA = 211,5 ± 4,1 g; QGA = 204,0 ± 3,3 g). It increased the weight of the soleus muscle, but not of the gastrocnemius and the evaluated fat compartments. There was an increase in maximum physical capacity (C = 1,41 ± 3,04 %; QPA = 11,46 ± 4,94 %; QGA = 30,40 ± 8,18 %) and tetanic force (C = 47,03 ± 4,46 g; QPA = 70,58 ± 7,34 g; QGA = 78,83 ± 5,64 g), but there was no change in the cross-sectional area, indicating that quercetin may exert these effects through other pathways than the muscle hypertrophy. Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) of the data obtained by NMR showed that the supplements did not provide differences in the blood metabolic profile, however, the identification of VLDL, lipid, lactate, creatine, alanine, glutamine, glucose and acetate as the metabolites that most varied between the groups (VIP scores), may be indicating a possible metabolism modulation, mainly pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. It is concluded that these results showed that quercetin promoted improvements in physical capacity parameters, inferring its potential as a possible tool to increase performance.
Keywords: Quercetin, physical performance, metabolic profile, NMR
Title: EFEITO DE EXTRATOS AQUOSOS E COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DO CAFÉ (COFFEA ARABICA) SOBRE A MULTIPLICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS PROBIÓTICAS
Author: Amanda Luisa Sales
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/2/2017
Abstract: Prebiotic effect is the beneficial physiological outcome that arises from the modulation of the composition and/or activity of the intestinal microbiota through the metabolism of a nondigestible compound. Nondigestible or partially digestible compounds such as polysaccharides (galactomannan and type 2 arabionogalactan) andchlorogenic acids in Coffea arabica have been studied recently, as an enhancing agent for beneficial microbiota growth. Among important bioactive compounds in coffee are caffeine and trigonelline, which showed selective antimicrobial effect in vitro. The aim of this dissertation was systematically evaluate the prebiotic potential of aqueous extracts of Coffea arabica species in different roasting degrees, as well as its bioactive compounds present in these extracts. Regular and decaffeinated soluble coffee extractsand the bioactive compounds chlorogenic acids (CGA), trigonelline (TG), caffeine (CAF), galactomannan and type 2 arabinogalactan (AG), were separately incorporated into a modified culture medium in diferent concentrations. The growth of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (GG), L. acidophilus LA-5 (LA) Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173010 (BA) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (BB12), and the non-probiotic Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli). After 48h of incubation, regular coffee extracts increased the count of Lactobacillus species (~ 4.43 log CFU/mL) and Bifidobacterium species (~ 4.34 log CFU/mL), regardless of roasting degree and concentration. No differences were found in the growth of the strains in the presence of decaffeinated coffee extracts, when compared to the base medium without the coffee extracts. However, in relation to bioactive compounds, the growth of GG in 50mg of caffeine (1.64 log CFU/mL). For the Bifidobacterium strains, the greatest growth was observed for BA in 400mg of CGA (1.87 log CFU/mL); 50, 100, 200, 800mg of GM (~ 0.28 log CFU/mL), 50 and 400mg of AG (~ 0.16 log CFU/mL). For BB12, the greatest growth were in 200 and 400 mg of CGA (~1.62 log CFU/mL) and 200, 400 and 800 mg of GM (~ 0.60 log CFU/mL) and in all concentrations of AG (~ 0.76 log CFU/mL). Differently from the results found for the probiotic bacteria, none of the coffee extracts and bioactive compounds stimulated E. coli growth. The present dissertation results suggest that the coffee bioactive compounds can improve the growth of health-beneficial microorganisms that occur naturally in the intestinal tract, or used as probiotics, thus exerting a potencial prebiotic effect.
Keywords: Coffee; prebiotics; probiotics; galactomannans; type 2 arabinogalactans; chlorogenic acids; caffeine; trigonelline.
Title: ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E LIPOPROTEÍNAS CIRCULANTES EM GESTANTES ADULTAS COM OBESIDADE PRÉ-GESTACIONAL: RELAÇÃO COM O PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DO SANGUE DO CORDÃO E PARÂMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS DO RECÉM-NASCIDO
Author: Marcelle De Almeida Saraiva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/8/2017
Abstract: Although the effects of obesity on metabolic changes specific of gestation are not well understood, it’s known that the exacerbation of alterations in lipid metabolism due to maternal obesity might result in changes in lipoprotein and fatty acid (FA) of circulation, both maternal and fetal, affecting the anthropometric parameters of the newborns. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of fatty acids in maternal and umbilical cord blood from eutrophic and pre gestational obese adult mothers and its relationship with anthropometric parameters of newborn. Study included pregnant women, with classification of the pre gestational nutrition status according to BMI maternal obesity grades 1 and 2 (n = 9) and eutrophic (n = 15), attended at the School Maternity of UFRJ / RJ. Maternal and newborn anthropometric data were collected through medical records . Samples of maternal blood were collected in the first (T1) and third (T2) gestational period, for analysis of maternal lipoproteins and for extraction of lipids, as well as umbilical cord. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 19 software and was considered statistically significant when p≥0.05. Our results showed that in women who began prenatal obesity with the average concentrations in FA linolenic T1 and serum triglycerides , LDL, VLDL in T2 were lower than in eutrophic pregnant women. Whereas the content of LCPUFA: EPA T1 and T2; AA T2; Σn3 T2 were higher in obese pregnant women. In conclusion, pre-gestational obesity influenced circulating in maternal of EFA, not reflecting, however, on the FA profile in the blood of newborns, either on the anthropometric measurements at birth.
Keywords: Pre-pregnancy obesity, Fatty acids, Lipoproteins, Cord blood, Birth weight
Title: EFEITOS DA QUERCETINA E CRISINA E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO SOBRE A VIABILIDADE E PROGRESSÃO DO CICLO CELULAR EM LINHAGENS TUMORAIS DE MAMA MCF-7 E MDA-MB-231
Author: Patricia Severo Ramos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/5/2017
Abstract: Breast cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women worldwide and presents estimates of 57,960 incident cases for the biennium 2016/2017. Flavonoids quercetin, found in apples and onions, and chrysin, found in honey and propolis, play a role as an anticancer agent, however its precise mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of these flavonoids, isolated and in association, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and the non-tumor MCF-10A cells culture. Cellular viability analysis by MTT assay was performed. It was observed that, according to the IC50 values, chrysin was the most cytotoxic flavonoid for all the cell lines (MCF-7 = 232.5 µM, MDA-MB-231 = 170.0 µM), with the non-tumoral being the most sensitive to the treatment (110.3 µM). The combination of the compounds significantly reduced cell viability in the MCF-7 cell line when preincubated with 10 μM quercetin for 1 hour (IC50 = 60.6 µM). The Combination Index showed that the association had a synergistic effect in the tumoral cell lines and antagonistic effect in the non-tumoral one (MCF-7 = 0.447, MDA-MB-231 = 0.725, MCF-10A = 1.797). It was observed that the associated treatment presented greater selectivity for the tumor cell lines than for the non-tumoral (MCF-10A/MCF-7 = 1.63, MCF-10A/MDA-MB-231 = 2.29). The association generated a larger number of apoptotic cells in the tumor lines. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the associated treatment caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Among the caspases observed by immunoblotting in this study, it was not possible to define a probable pathway for induction of cell death, and further studies need to be performed with the objective of verifying which other apoptotic pathways may be altered by the combination of the bioactive compounds used in this dissertation. Taken together, these results show the effect of the association of quercetin and chrysin on the induction of cell death by apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, inferring its potential as a possible tool for the treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast cancer, quercetin, chrysin, apoptosis, association.
Title: RESPOSTA ALIMENTAR À INFUSÃO INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR DE ANOREXÍGENOS E EXPRESSÃO DE OBRB E FOXO 1 EM HIPOTÁLAMO DE RATAS SOB RESTRIÇÃO ALIMENTAR INTERMITENTE
Author: Carlos Marcelo Concha Vilca
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/27/2017
Abstract: We aimed to analyze the food response to anorexigenic infusion and expression of ObRb and FOXO 1 in the hypothalamus of non-obese females Wistar in intermittent food restriction (IFR). The rats (n = 60), with 67-days of life, were divided for 6 weeks in the groups: Control (C, chow and water ad libitum) and Restricted 3 (R3) and 5 (R5), maintained with access to water and 2 days to 50% of group C food intake, followed by 3 or 5 days of free chow respectively. For the injections of vehicle (saline 0.9%) and anorexigenic agents (insulin, serotonin and leptin) the rats were submitted to stereotaxical surgery to receive intracerebroventricular cannula (i.c.v). Both restricted groups showed lower cumulative food intake in the experimental period versus C, without difference in the intake after feeding cycle. The R3 group presented higher consumption in the 3 days and R5 in 2 days subsequent to the food restriction versus C. We observed lower body weight gain in the R5 group. Both restricted groups did not respond to icv injection of anorexigenic agents and showed lower hypothalamic expression of ObRb mRNA, but without change in FOXO 1 mRNA expression. We concluded that IFR in non-obese female Wistar interrupted the response to important anorexigenic agents, promoted post-restriction hyperphagia and affected the initial steps of the hypothalamic leptin pathway. We suggest that IFR can determine impair in hypothalamic anorexigenic regulation and obesogenic parameters.
Keywords: Intermittent food restriction, hypothalamics anorexigenics, ObRb, FOXO 1, binge food.
Title: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A TITULARIDADE DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA E AS PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES DE FAMÍLIAS BENEFICIÁRIAS RESIDENTES NO MUNICÍPIO DE DUQUE DE CAXIAS – RJ
Author: Viviane Dos Anjos Maresi
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/21/2017
Abstract: The present dissertation entitled “A relação entre a titularidade do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e as práticas alimentares de famílias beneficiárias residentes no Município de Duque de Caxias-RJ” is a qualitative study of the descriptive kind. This study is part of a larger research Project entitled “Pobreza Extrema, Insegurança Alimentar e Políticas Públicas: Estudo Longitudinal de Famílias Atendidas pelo Programa Bolsa Família no Município de Duque de Caxias”. The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between the PBF ownership (men/woman) and the feeding practices of beneficiary families. Besides, it had as a purpose to analyze the perceptions on the PBF and ownership and to know the PBF beneficiary families feeding practices and the elements which contribute to its construction. It was utilized the Depth Hermeneutics described by Thompson (2002) as the methodological reference, and the Content Analysis Thematic as the analytical reference, proposed by Bardin (2011) and modified by Minayo et al. (2012). Data construction was made through semistructured interviews with the use of a guiding protocol and observations. Five men and five women PBF ownerships resident at Campos Elíseos district, municipality of Duque de Caxias, were interviewed from November 2015 and April 2016. The interviewed men expressed the necessity to justify their ownership rights for having children of their own or sickness demonstrating a lack of knowledge for having their rights to PBF. For woman the ownership meant security, autonomy and freedom, mainly for those who depended on their husband or exhusband’s incomes before. The PBF income was usually administrated by women, even in the cases in which the ownership were the men. In the presence of a woman in the family it was her who administrated it. Woman expressed the understanding that the benefit should be addressed to her because it would be utilized mainly to attend to their children needs and other related basic maintenances, as the acquisition of food chiefly, in addition to clothes, medical consulting, internet and school material. It is concluded in this sense that the PBF influenced the feeding practices of the beneficiary families in what regard to the acquisition of food. However, the subject relationship with the feeding practices were not modified, in other words, men and woman had different but complementary roles in what regard to the feeding practices, gender role models are constructed socially and in the family environment. Generally speaking, the men had the responsibility to provide incomes to the acquisition of food, and the woman had the responsibility to buy, prepare and distribute food.
Keywords: Feeding, Culture, Qualitative Research, Government Programs, Programa Bolsa Família.
Title: TRAJETÓRIA DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES PLASMÁTICAS DA VITAMINA D AO LONGO DA GESTAÇÃO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS.
Author: Amanda Caroline Cunha Figueiredo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/21/2017
Abstract: Pregnancy is characterized by biological, physical and social changes. During this period occurs physiological adaptations in the vitamin D metabolism and can also be a vulnerable period for the increase of depressive symptoms. The objectives of this study were: 1. To investigate if vitamin D status in early pregnancy influences the longitudinal changes of plasma concentrations of 1,25 dihydrovitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] during pregnancy. 2. To investigate the association between plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) and 1,25(OH)2D with the occurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. This study consists of a prospective cohort conducted at a public health care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample consisted of women with low pregnancy risk, age between 20 and 40 years, followed at 5 th -13th, 20th -26th, 30th -36th gestational weeks. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were collected during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The vitamin D status was categorized according to concentrations of 25(OH)D nmol/L by the Institute of Medicine and the Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines. Depressive symptoms were measured at each pregnancy trimester by Edinburg Postnatal Depressive Scale (cutoff ≥13). Statistical analyses included dispersion measures of sample and longitudinal analysis [longitudinal linear mixed-effects models (objective 1) and random intercept logistic regression model (objective 2)]. Covariates were selected as potential confounders based on biological plausibility and bivariate analysis with the outcome (objective 1) and directed acyclic graph (DAG) (objective 2). The prevalence of 25(OH)D <75, <50 and <30 nmol/L in the first trimester was 70.4%, 16.1% and 2.0%, respectively. Multiple adjusted analysis showed that women who started the study in winter (p-value<0.001), spring (p-value<0.001) or autumn (p-value=0.028) presented a longitudinal increase in 25(OH)D concentrations, while women that started during summer did not. Increase of 1,25(OH)2D concentrations over time in women with insufficient vitamin D (50-75 nmol/L) at baseline was higher compared to women with sufficient vitamin D (≥75 nmol/L) (p-value=0.006). The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 20.1%, 14.7% and 7.8% during first, second and third trimester, respectively and the probability of depressive symptoms decreased throughout pregnancy (p-value=0.005). Women with higher concentrations of 25(OH)D in the first trimester had a lower odds ratio of depressive symptoms during pregnancy (OR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-0.99, p-value=0.047). In conclusion, there was a seasonal variation of 25(OH)D during pregnancy. Women with insufficient vitamin D status presented greater longitudinal increases in the concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in comparison to women with sufficiency. Women presented high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and the probability of depressive symptoms decreased throughout pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D in early pregnancy were inversely associated with occurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
Keywords: Vitamin D; depression; tropical country; cohort; pregnancy
Title: ELABORAÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E BIOACESSIBILIDADE DE UM GEL A BASE DA BETERRABA E AVALIAÇÃO DAS SUAS PROPRIEDADES FUNCIONAIS
Author: Marina Fernanda De Almeida Morgado
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/16/2017
Abstract: Due to nitrate, beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has been used as a strategy to increase the in vivo production of nitric oxide (NO) and, consequently, tissue oxygenation. However, when compared to other vegetables, beetroot does not have good acceptance by the population. Thus, new forms of beetroot presentation, which have good acceptance and presence of high levels of nitrate can be an alternative to increase NO synthesis and improve tissue oxygenation levels. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to elaborate a beetroot based nutritional gel (BG) and to determine the antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the levels of nitrate, potassium (K+ ) and total phenolic compounds (TP) of the elaborated gel, as well as the respective in vitro digestibilities of the compounds. In addition, the effect of BG intake on oxygenation, blood volume, muscle strength, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and urinary excretion of nitrate and nitrite in elderly subjects were evaluated. The centesimal composition was performed by official methods, nitrate and nitrite were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography, TAC and TP by spectrophotometry, K+ by flame photometer, SBP and DBP by automatic monitor, muscle strength by handgrip apparatus and oxygenation and muscle blood volume through near infrared spectroscopy. BG presented 76.1±0.5% moisture, 3.2±0.3% protein, 2.1±0.2% fixed mineral residue, 0.52±0.05% total lipids, 9.1±0.7% of total sugars. Significantly higher values of nitrate, TAC, TP and K+ were observed before and after in vitro digestion of BG when compared to beetroot juice. Regarding the functional properties, BG consumption promoted a significant improvement in muscle reoxygenation time and blood volume after exercise when compared to placebo (PLA) reduced nitrate intake. A significant reduction in strength decline was observed 30 minutes after the end of exercise in the BG group and a significant increase in the urinary concentration of nitrate and nitrite after BG intake. There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP between the two groups. The results suggest that the developed product, rich in nitrate, promotes improved oxygenation and muscle strength in elderly.
Keywords: Nitrate; Nitric oxide; Muscle Oxygenation; Aging.
Title: PADRÕES ALIMENTARES NO PERÍODO PRÉ-GESTACIONAL E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A VARIAÇÃO DOS LIPÍDIOS SÉRICOS DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO: ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO
Author: Ilana Eshriqui Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 1/25/2017
Abstract: Introduction: During pregnancy, physiological adaptations occur, resulting in an increase in serum lipids. Dietary patterns (DP) have been associated with adults lipid profile, however, studies conducted during pregnancy are scarce. Objective: To verify the association between pre-pregnancy DP and blood lipid variations during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective cohort conducted at the Municipal Health Center Heitor Beltrão, in Rio de Janeiro. The dependent variables [total cholesterol (TC); low (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides (TG)] were evaluated in 198 women at 1st trimester [5th -13th gestational weeks (GW)] and 186 at 2 nd (20th -26th GW) and 3 rd (30th -36th GW) trimesters. A food frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline (5 th -13th GW) to evaluate the dietary intake during the six months prior to pregnancy. The reduced rank regression (RRR) method was used to derive the DP. The predictor variables were represented by the food groups (g/day), and the response variables by dietary fiber density (g/kcal), dietary energy density (kcal/g) and the percent energy from saturated fat. The sample general characteristics were described in mean (standard deviation) and frequency. Crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects regression models (β, CI 95%) were performed to account for confounders [age, education, parity, leisure time physical activity before pregnancy, pregestational BMI, smoking and quadratic GW] and mediators [Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) e weight gain] on the association between DP and blood lipids. Interaction terms between DP and gestational age were tested. Results: Three pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were identified: ‘Fast food and candies’, ‘Vegetables and dairy’ and ‘Beans, bread and fat’. Together, the three patterns explained 20.3% and 77.4% of the predictor and response variables, respectively. ‘Fast food and candies’ was positively associated with TG (β=4.961; 95%CI=0.945-8.977; P=0.015). In the HDL-c rate of change prediction, significant interactions were observed between both ‘Fast food and candies’ and ‘Vegetables and dairy’ patterns and gestational age [(β=-0.053; 95%CI=-0.101- -0.004; P=0.035) and (β=0.055; 95%CI=-0.002-0.112; P=0.060), respectively]. The ‘Beans, bread and fat’ pattern was not associated with blood lipids. The associations remained significant and the regression coefficients changed less than 6% after the inclusion of potential mediators in the adjusted model. Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy DP were associated with gestational blood lipids, i.e. as higher the score of Fast food and candies pattern, higher was TG and lower was HDL-c rate of change during pregnancy; while the higher the score of Vegetables and dairy pattern, the higher the HDL-c rate of change over GW. HOMA-IR and weight gain presented a small mediating effect on the association of pre-pregnancy DP and blood lipids.
Keywords: Dietary pattern, pregnancy, lipids, cohort, reduced rank regression
Title: DENSIDADE MINERAL ÓSSEA E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM METABOLISMO DE GLICOSE EM ADULTOS JOVENS
Author: Lygia Nestal Barroso
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/11/2016
Abstract: Bone may play an important role in glucose metabolism but results remain controversial. The objective of the study is to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and glucose metabolism (insulin resistance, sensitivity and secretion) and investigate if visceral hyperadiposity, evaluated by waist circumference (WC), is an effect modifier and if osteocalcin (OC) is a confounder of this association. This research consists of a cross-sectional analysis based on the fourth phase of a prospective birth cohort. Study included 468 young adults from general community from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. BMD (femoral neck, proximal femur, lumbar spine), total OC, fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were assessed. IR, insulin sensitivity and secretion were estimated by HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-S and HOMA2-β indexes. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to estimate the association between BMD and glucose metabolism. WC was tested as an effect modifier. The covariates used in the adjustment were selected based on a Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG). A significant interaction between BMD and WC on glucose metabolism was observed in the adjusted model (p<0.1). Subjects with increased WC presented a positive association between BMD and log HOMA1-IR while an inverse association was found in those with normal WC (p=0.036). BMD was negatively associated with log HOMA-S in individuals with increased WC and positively in those with normal WC (p=0.042). No significant associations between BMD and log HOMA2-β and OC and glucose metabolism markers were observed. In conclusion, BMD was associated with glucose metabolism, independently of OC, and WC modified this association.
Keywords: Bone mineral density, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, bone metabolism, osteocalcin.
Title: ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL E GANHO DE PESO DE GESTANTES ADULTAS DE BAIXA RENDA, ATENDIDAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE
Author: Debora Souza Gigante
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/9/2016
Abstract: Background: The prenatal care aims to ensure the development of pregnancy, allowing the delivery of a healthy newborn, without impact to maternal health. Inadequate gestational weight gain can cause unwanted pregnancy outcomes as gestational diabetes, maternal hypertensive syndromes, low birth weight or fetal macrosomia. For the control of gestational weight gain an effective prenatal care is required, with the early uptake of pregnant women and an adequate number of visits. Objective: To evaluate the effect of prenatal care in weight gain in adult pregnant women with low income, attended in a public maternity in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Cross-sectional study included 281 low-income adult Brazilian women. Adequate, insufficient and excessive GWG were defined according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Number of prenatal visits was categorized (1: no visits; 2: one to three visits; 3: four to six visits; 4: seven or more visits) and initiation of prenatal care was used as a continuous variable. Prenatal care index (PCI) was developed combining both dimensions of prenatal care according to Kotelchuck. Multinomial Logistic Regression, adjusted for confounders, was performed to estimate the associations between prenatal care and GWG. Results: Prenatal care started at 12.6 (± 6.9) gestational weeks. In total, 8.2% of women (n=23) had ≤ 4 prenatal visits, 38.4% (n=108) had inadequate prenatal initiation and 38.4% (n=108) had inadequate PCI. On average, GWG was 12,9 kg (±6.2) and 36.5%, 31.0% and 32.5% of women presented adequate, insufficient and excessive GWG, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, inadequacy of PCI (OR=2,01; p-value=0,041; CI 95%=1,03-3,90); was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of gaining weight below IOM recommendations. Initiation of prenatal care (OR=1,05; p-value=0,056; CI 95%=1,00-1,10) and number of prenatal visits (OR=0,59; p-value=0,051; CI 95%=0,34-0,70) were limitrophe associated with low weight gain. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of adequacy of prenatal care during pregnancy to promote adequate GWG.
Keywords: nutritional status; pregnancy; public health; weight gain; hierarchical model
Title: ESTUDO DOS POLIMORFISMOS DO RECEPTOR DE VITAMINA D E AVALIAÇÃO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO SÉRICA DE 25 HIDROXIVITAMINA D EM PACIENTES COM DOENÇAS INFLAMATÓRIAS INTESTINAIS
Author: Marcela Diogo Romi
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/28/2016
Abstract: The ApaI, TaqI and FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism have been implicated in increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These genetic variants can also determine changes in vitamin D mechanisms of action and affect the clinical course of the disease. In Brazil, there are a lack of reports concerning these polymorphisms in IBD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the VDR gene polymorphisms and its association with nutritional status of vitamin D and with poor prognostic factors in patients with IBD. Was performed a case-control study involved 107 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 43 with ulcerative colitis (UC) attended in the Gastroenterology Department – UFRJ, and 81 healthy subjects, in which ApaI, (“Aa”, “aa”), TaqI (“Tt”, “tt”) e FokI (“Ff, “ff”) VDR polymorphisms were evaluated. The genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in real time technique. The concentration of 25(OH)D was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the cut-off used to determine vitamin D deficiency was 30 ng / ml. Demographic, clinical features and poor prognostic factors of patients were obtained from the chart review. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The genotype “aa” (ApaI) and “Tt” (TaqI were more frequent in DC. There was no difference in the distribution of polymorphisms between the control group and RCU. Genotypes “Aa” and “aa” were considered protective against the use of immunosuppressants and genotypes “Tt” and “tt” confer protection against the use of corticosteroids at the time of diagnosis in DC. The genotypes “Tt” and “tt” were associated with need of more than 2 corticosteroids courses during the course of the disease in RCU. The 25(OH)D level was measured in 44 patients with IBD, was verified hypovitaminosis D in 38.6% (n = 17). There was no association between clinical features or VDR polymorphisms and this deficiency. Thus, it was detected association of genetic variants ApaI and TaqI, but no FokI, with DC and prognostic factors in this group. Although polymorphisms have not been associated with UC, it was found that TaqI was associated with poor prognosis predictor of disease in these patients. Also were observed no associations with vitamin D deficiency. Further studies with larger samples shoud be conduced to better understand the prevalence and risk associations of these polymorphisms in patients with IBD in our country.
Keywords: Vitamin D, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, polymorphism, calcitriol receptor.
Title: RECEPTOR NUCLEAR ATIVADO POR PROLIFERADORES DE PEROXISSOMA GAMA (PPARΓ) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM AS PROTEÍNAS PLACENTÁRIAS TRANSPORTADORAS DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS (FATP-1 E FATP-4) EM GESTAÇÕES COM RESTRIÇÃO DE CRESCIMENTO INTRAUTERINO (RCIU)
Author: Henrique Marcondes De Aquino Marques
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/21/2016
Abstract: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) occurs when the fetus does not reach its growth potential in the uterus and is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) activate the expression of PPAR gamma and thus regulate the expression of placental proteins FATP 1 and 4 involved in the uptake of these lipid molecules. The purpose of this dissertation was to quantify the FATP-1 and FATP4 protein and the nuclear PPAR gamma in placentas of pregnant adults, normal and IUGR, and associate with blood concentrations of LC-PUFA in maternal and fetal compartments. Samples of maternal-fetal red blood cells and placenta were collected from 23 pregnant women with and without IUGR, and held at the Maternity School of UFRJ. For protein quantification, in placenta homogenate, was used western blot and LC-PUFA concentration, in maternal-fetal blood, was determined by gas chromatography. Placentas of pregnant women with IUGR showed higher concentrations of FATP-1 and PPAR gamma, compared to the control group (p = 0.046 and p = 0.0038, respectively). Lower concentrations of LCPUFA DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in both maternal and cord blood erythrocytes were identified in IUGR group (p
Keywords: long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, PPAR gamma, fatty acid transport protein, placenta, intrauterine growth restriction.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA E O CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE CRIANÇAS COM IDADE DE 6 A 30 MESES
Author: Mariana Oliveira Pinheiro Gavazza Saramago
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/5/2016
Abstract: The study objective is to evaluate the association of the Bolsa Família Program on child food intake. This is a cross-sectional study, representing a frame of a population-based survey conducted in 2010, in Campos Elíseos, located in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. The food intake of children was obtained by 24-hour recall and expressed the average food consumption by groups. Eight explanatory variables were considered: receiving the Bolsa Família Program, Children energy consumption, education of householder, number of family members, water treatment for drinking, socioeconomic status, household food insecurity and per capita income. Analyses were stratified by age (6-17 months and 18-30 months). The sample consisted of 411 children (6 to 17 months (n = 166) and 18 to 30 months (n = 245) and used the linear regression model. Applying the multivariate regression, it was observed that in children from 6 to 17 months, higher the householder education higher the consumption of fruits and vegetables and milk. The presence of treated water for consumption was positively associated with the consumption of sugar, sweets and sugary drinks. The increase in family income had a negative association with milk consumption and coffee. The Bolsa Família Program showed no association with the consumption of any foods group for children at this age. For children from 18 to 30 months, the higher the householder educational level, higher the cheese and yogurt consumption. The increase in house residents is followed by a larger coffee consumption and lower milk consumption. The presence of treated water was associated positively with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The increase in economy class was associated with higher consumption of rice and steak and eggs. The lower the level of food insecurity, higher the consumption of sugar, sweets and sugary drinks. The increase in family income had a negative association in the consumption of bread, cereals and tubers and positive in milk. The Bolsa Família program positively influenced the consumption of rice and negatively in the consumption of cheese and yogurt. It is concluded that in addition to the benefit of the Bolsa Família Program, are necessary investments in public and social policy and program formulation for complementary feeding guidance and promotion of healthy food consumption for the population.
Keywords:
Title: CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE GESTANTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL SEGUNDO DOIS MÉTODOS DE ORIENTAÇÃO DIETÉTICA
Author: Leticia Barbosa Gabriel Da Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/30/2016
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the food consumption of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), met in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, according to two methods of dietary guidance. Methods: Randomized, controlled clinical trial, conducted from consultation with a nutritionist and hospital records of adult pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during the prenatal, monitored until the puerperium in the study of motherhood in the period 2011 to 2014. The study groups were defined as GI and GII, depending on the final number of records, and GI control group (odd final) made up of the pregnant women who received nutritional counseling by the traditional method and GII the intervention group (pair final) composed of pregnant women instructed by the method of carbohydrate counting. Descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables were performed. Results: 291 pregnant women were assessed, 148 in GI and 143 in GII, mean age 31.2 years (SD = 5.8 years). There was no difference between the groups regarding maternal characteristics, prenatal care, caloric and macronutrient intake, as well as the percentage of adequacy thereof. When analyzing the intake of nutrients into quartiles, it was observed that 29.4% of women who had consumption of lipid in the third quartile had the highest average glucose compared to those who consumed in the second quartile (p = 0.024). There was no difference in the amounts of processed foods and highly processed foods consumed daily or weekly in the second and third trimester of pregnancy between the study groups (p> 0.05). It was observed that 74.2% (n = 120) and 79.9% (n = 229) of the women consumed processed food daily, in the second and third trimesters respectively, and 97.5% (n = 120) and 97, 4% (n = 231) consumed higly processed food daily, the second and third quarter, respectively. It was observed a higher weekly processed food consumption by pregnant women with poor adherence to diet in the second query, which occurred in the second trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.04). It was found that 81.8% of pregnant women with good and excellent adhesion showed good glycemic control (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Dietary intake of pregnant women was similar in both groups, regardless of employee dietary guidance method, suggesting that both methods tested in the study can be used in nutritional monitoring of pregnant women with GDM.
Keywords: food consumption, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, prenatal care, nutrition therapy.
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DO SNP RS9939609 DO GENE FAT MASS AND OBESITY-ASSOCIATED (FTO) NA FOME, SACIEDADE E LEPTINEMIA DE MULHERES OBESAS
Author: Helena Chrispim Guarana
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/28/2016
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity represents a serious health hazard of world order, with exponential growth observed in recent decades. Some studies suggest a possible relationship between polymorphisms of the FTO gene and serum leptin, influencing the feeling of fullness and regulation of food intake. The SNP rs9939609 of FTO gene has been linked to obesity, which can affect energy homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of FTO’s (Fat Mass and Obesity Associated) gene single nucleotide polymorphism polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 in the sensations of hunger and satiety and pre and post prandial serum leptin in women with morbid obesity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, which included thirty-eight adult women with morbid obesity without other chronic diseases, which were divided into 3 groups according to the FTO genotype. At basal period anthropometric, laboratory (glucose, insulin, lipid profile and leptin) and diet parameters were evaluated, and also blood samples were collected for genotyping of the FTO gene. Then the volunteers received a standard meal balanced in lipids, carbohydrates and proteins to assess postprandial leptin. Data analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 21.0, considering p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: 38 women aged 35.5 ± 7.4 years old and body mass index of 45.4 ± 7.03 kg / m2 were evaluated. The frequency of genotypes AA, AT and TT was 23.7 % (n = 9), 42.1 % (n = 16 ) and 34.2 % (n = 13 ), respectively. No differences were observed among genotypes for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL -C, triglycerides and caloric intake and macronutrient. Women with the TT genotype had higher feelings of hunger and less desire to eat, compared to AA and AT genotypes, after consumed the standard meal. The leptin concentration did not differ between genotypes at times 0 and 180, but women with the TT genotype had decreased serum leptin in the postprandial period. CONCLUSION: The polymorphism rs9939609 SNP of the FTO gene resulted in lower postprandial response to hunger and desire to eat, with possible relation with the maintenance of post prandial leptin. Individuals wild homozygotes had increased hunger and desire to eat when compared to individuals with polymorphism, which may be related to the reduction of postprandial leptin. Satiety did not differ between genotypes.
Keywords: grade III obesity, polymorphism, FTO gene, rs9939609, satiety, hunger, leptin.
Title: DIGESTÃO IN VITRO E FERMENTAÇÃO COLÔNICA DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS PRESENTES NO PÃO DE GOIABA
Author: Isabel Pinto Vieira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/27/2016
Abstract: Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants characterized by the presence of an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl substituents. Recent evidence shows that its consumption may have effects in reducing the incidence of cancer and chronic diseases. Since interaction with constituents of the food matrix can affect their bioaccessibility and therefore its bioavailability, it is essential to investigate the metabolism of phenolic compounds. It is estimated that about 90% of ingested phenolic compounds follows into the colon where they are extensively metabolized by intestinal microflora. Metabolites generated are then absorbed, contributing to increased bioavailability. In parallel, breads have been used as a tool for incorporation of bioactive components, especially because it is a basic food, widely consumed and has low nutritional value. The incorporation of fruit flour has increased commercialization of dehydrated fruits as functional ingredients. On account of the profile of volatile and phenolic compounds, guava has high application in the preparation of food with functional potential. The guava flour was incorporated partially replacing the wheat flour, bun shape, resulting in an increase of approximately three times the phenolics content when compared to bread without addition of guava flour. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of control bread (CB) and bread prepared with replacement of 30% wheat flour by guava flour (GB) through in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation ex vivo models. The breads were characterized for chemical composition and the content of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vitro simulated digestion mimicked oral, gastric and intestinal phases under conditions of controlled pH, temperature and agitation. The colonic metabolism of phenolic compounds was investigated by incubation with feces of healthy volunteers for 72 hours. The metabolites originated after digestion and fermentation steps were analyzed by HPLC. The contents of phenolic compounds were higher in GB than CB. The in vitro digestion results indicate that the phenolic compounds have high bioaccessibility, and the CB (574%) greater than that of GB (393%). Among the identified compounds, gallic acid, benzoic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic were those with the highest bioaccessibility (over 150%), suggesting that they may be formed from more complex compounds such as glycosylated forms of flavonols. After colonic fermentation, phenolic compounds of CB were also more bioaccessible (452%) when compared to GB (257%). The ongoing increase of metabolites at this stage was related to the metabolism of compounds found initially and the release of the food matrix, in which many of them were in the insoluble form. The results suggest that the phenolic compounds of both breads were highly bioaccessible and the differences between them can be related to the insoluble form in which the compounds were found in GB, besides the interaction between the constituents of the food matrix.
Keywords: bioaccessibility, metabolism, gallic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
Title: TRANSFORMAÇÕES METABÓLICAS IN VITRO DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS DA JABUTICABA NA DIGESTÃO E NA FERMENTAÇÃO COLÔNICA
Author: Tamirys Barcellos Revoredo Silva
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/31/2016
Abstract: The metabolism of phenolic compounds is important as it generates metabolites related to the bioactivity of food and its possible effects on human health. One of the main factors that affect the metabolism of phenolic compounds in humans is their interaction with food matrix constituents. It has been estimated that 90% of the total phenolic compounds intake follow until the colon where they are metabolized by gut microbial community. However, no previous study has been reported the bioaccessibility and the colonic metabolism of phenolic compounds of Brazilian fruits such as jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba). Common methods used by the food industry for obtain fruit juices include depulping process and steam extraction. In both processing large amount of residue mainly consisting of the jabuticaba peel it would be discarded. In this sense, the aims of this study was to investigate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of jabuticaba residue using in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation. Residues were produced from jabuticaba juice obtained by depulping process (DR) and by steam extraction (SER). Residues were characterized for chemical composition and the content of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vitro simulated digestion mimicked oral, gastric and intestinal phases under conditions of controlled pH, temperature and agitation. The colonic metabolism of phenolic compounds was investigated by anaerobically incubation with human feces up to 72 hours. The metabolites were analyzed by HPLC. The contents of dietary fiber of SER were higher than that DR, whereas the contents of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds were similar in both residues. The results of in vitro simulated digestion indicate that the anthocyanins exhibit low bioaccessibility (22% on average). However, gallic acid and quercetin presented the highest bioaccessibility (700% on average), suggesting that they are formed from phenolic compounds with more complex structure such as, respectively, gallotannins and glycosylated forms of flavonols. An intense modification in the profile of phenolic compounds was observed throughout the fermentation. The increase in the contents of gallic acid and the presence of cyanidin throughout the fermentation were related, respectively, to the metabolization of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The results of the present study suggest that the potential beneficial effects of phenolic compounds present in jabuticaba would not be related to their intact forms, but to their metabolites.
Keywords: Phenolic compounds, ellagic acid, gallic acid, anthocyanins, bioaccessibility, metabolism.
Title: EFEITO DO CONSUMO DE SIMBIÓTICO POR MULHERES OBESAS: AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO SOBRE PESO CORPORAL E SAÚDE METABÓLICA
Author: Marjorie Ostrowski
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/30/2016
Abstract: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Recently it has been related to changes in the microbiota, especially in the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes. Studies with the purpose of modulating the microbiota and thereby improve parameters related to obesity are being conducted with the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the symbiotic administration’s effect on body weight, blood glucose and lipemia obese women. This is a clinical trial (www.ClinicalTrials.gov – Access Number: NTC02505854), randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled. Thirty-four women were randomly allocated into two groups: symbiotic and placebo. The first was instructed to ingest gastro-resistant capsules containing Bifidobacterium lactis 109 CFU and sachets with frutooligossacarídeos 5g. The second group received capsules and placebos sachets. Both were treated with lowcalorie diet for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and final week. The parameters analyzed were: weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL, LDL and VLDL), glucose and insulin. Twenty-two women completed the study. The weight and BMI decreased in both groups (p ≤ 0.05). There were no changes in TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and glucose levels (p>0.05). Consumption of symbiotic did not promote weight reduction and changes in metabolic parameters in women with obesity. The supplemented group had reduced body fat percentage and waist circumference compared to the baseline time and improvement in stool frequency.
Keywords: obesity, microbiota, Bifidobacterium lactis, fructooligosaccharides, symbiotic.
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DO CONSUMO DE FARINHA DE CHIA (SALVIAHISPANICA L.) NO PESO E COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, GASTO ENERGÉTICO E RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM MULHERES OBESAS
Author: Laura Sampaio Quaresma
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/30/2016
Abstract: The obesity prevalence represents a public health problem related to the development of several comorbidities. There are several intervention proposals with a goal to control this disease. It is known that chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has an elevated protein content, as well as α-linolenic acid, antioxidants and fiber, and thus could be used altogether with other treatments against obesity and associated diseases, particularly the cardiovascular related. With a goal to investigate the intake of milled chia seed influence over body weight and composition, energy expenditure (EE), glucose, insulin, plasma lipids, fibrinogen and blood pressure (BP), a study was conducted under a single blinded, controlled and parallel procedures with 20 obese adult women randomly divided in two groups, the test group (TG) and control group (CG). The volunteers received a hypocaloric diet and took two daily sachets containing milled chia seed (TG) or placebo (CG) totaling 30 g/day for 12 weeks. It was measured anthropometrical variables, body composition, EE, dietetic, laboratory and BP at the beginning, in between and at the end of the study. The milled chia seed did not influence the anthropometric variables, body composition and EE in obese women compared to placebo with similar macronutrient composition and dietary fiber. A decrease in HDL-c after consumption of milled chia seed, with no differences between groups in other laboratory and BP variables. More studies are needed so that we can recommend the use of milled chia seed as possible adjunct in the management of obesity.
Keywords: obesity, milled chia seed, Salvia hispanica L., body composition, energy expenditure, lipemia, blood pressure, glycemia, α-linolenic acid.
Title: MUDANÇAS NO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DURANTE A ADOLESCÊNCIA: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL DE AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE ADOLESCENTES – ELANA
Author: Mariana Luiz Marques
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/22/2016
Abstract: The food habits of Brazilian adolescents include foods with high energy density and high content of sugars, fats and sodium. They are also marked by a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, leading to a diet of low nutritional quality. Inadequate food intake and low level of physical activity contribute to an excessive weight gain and to an increased risk of metabolic related disorders. Thus, it is important to monitor and evaluate the food intake of this specific group of people. Studies on the changes in food intake of adolescents over time are an important tool to support health promotion and disease prevention. The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in food intake of adolescents participants of “Estudo Longitudinal de Avaliação Nutricional de Adolescentes” (ELANA), conducted between 2010 (baseline) and 2013 (the last follow-up) with students enrolled at public and private schools from Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi (RJ). Food intake was estimated by self-administered qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) applied in both moments. Data from FFQ was transformed in daily frequency and standardized portions were attributed for each food in order to estimate the average daily intake of energy and nutrients in both periods of the study (2010 and 2013). Foods were categorized into 19 groups. The proportion of adolescents that reported consumption of each group of food was evaluated and the percentage contribution of these groups to the daily energy intake was estimated. The frequency of consumption of each food group was estimated by regular (at least 5 times a week), intermediate (2 to 4 times a week) and sporadic (once a week or less) consumption. The weight status was evaluated based on z-score of body mass index (BMI = weight/height2 ) for age and sex considering the distribution and the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. This procedure was conducted at the baseline and the follow-up. Individuals were firstly classified as low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity and later, categorized as overweight and non-overweight. The adolescents were classified according to the weight status at baseline and to the change in weight status during the study period. The classification was as follows: stable (no category change), increase (changed from low weight to normal weight, overweight or obese; or from normal weight to overweight or obesity; or from overweight to obesity) and reduction (changed from obesity to overweight, normal weight or low weight; or from overweight to normal weight or low weight; or from normal weight to low weight). The quality of food intake reporting was classified as plausible (compatible with the estimated energy expenditure), sub-reporting (below the estimated energy expenditure) and over-reporting (higher than estimated energy expenditure), considering the ratio of the estimated energy intake and the estimated energy expenditure. The quality of food consumption reporting at the baseline was compared to the follow-up. The adolescents were categorized into “change in the reporting quality” and “no change in the reporting quality”. Descriptive analysis was performed to estimate the proportion of students that reported consumption of each group of food and the average of energy contribution (%). It was also estimated the daily intake of energy and nutrients for all investigated groups considering the variables sex, school type, variation in weight and the variation in the reporting quality of food intake. In order to analyze the variation of food intake, it was previously investigated the difference for the continuous variables (Student t test), and the homogeneity of the distribution of categorical variables (paired t test and McNemar test). It was considered p <0.05 for statistical significance. The three groups of food most frequently consumed by adolescents were “Drinks with added sugar”, “Cakes, cookies, candies and desserts” and “Salty snacks”. More than 95% of adolescents reported consuming foods from these groups at least 5 times a week in both moments of the study. In 2010 and 2013, these three food groups were responsible for over 50% of total dietary energy. Among the students from public school, there was an increase in the contribution of “Rice” and “Beans”. This was not observed between adolescents from private school. The report of alcohol consumption increased for all adolescents. The higher increase was among adolescents from public school. Adolescents who increased their weight status had reported an increase in the frequent use of “Dairy”, “Meat and meat preparations”, “Rice”, “Pasta”, “Roots, tubers and derivatives”, “Bread” and “Soft drinks”. For those who maintained or decreased their weight status the report of frequent consumption for the group of “Soft drinks” decreased. For all the variations in weight status, the high frequent consumption of “Drinks with added sugar” remained. It was observed that the correlation between baseline and follow-up on the categorization of energy and nutrient intakes in quartiles was considered low. This may indicate changes in food intake between the two studies. During the study period, changes were observed in food intake of adolescents, such as the increase of energy contribution of the groups “Cakes, cookies, candies and desserts” and “Drinks with added sugar”. It was also observed an increase in early alcohol consumption and reduction the frequent intake of “Fruits” and “Vegetables”. In general, adolescents from this study have a poor diet with predominance of foods with low nutritional quality characterized by high consumption of sweets, drinks with added sugar and salty snacks, leading to an excessive intake of sugar and low-quality fats, and potentially favoring the increase of weight and metabolic changes. These findings confirm the need to value the subject of healthy eating in the school health agenda.
Keywords: food intake, adolescents, longitudinal studies, group food intake.
Title: AS DIFERENTES VOZES DO DIÁLOGO ENTRE UNIVERSIDADE E ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR
Author: Thais Barreto Estrella
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/24/2016
Abstract: The promotion of healthy dietary practices and healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents is a priority in health policies around the world, a central element in the dialogue between undergraduate nutrition and basic education. Schools are a place of practice and knowledge construction and the Food and Nutrition Education comes in order to contribute to the promotion of sustainable consumption and healthy eating. This work was meant to examine the dialogue between two institutional actors, a practice the Food Education and university Nutrition and Application Institute Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, whose members are represented by different voices, students and professionals involved. We think the dialogue in terms of Bakhtin and Paulo Freire, as an analytical category of symbolic exchanges in including extension activities of nutrition education at school. The methodology of this research, a qualitative approach was divided into three stages: the first review of the literature and policy documents, the second of conceptual theoretical Deepening to adapt the concept for analysis dialog, and the third step of delimiting the field research where we apply the participant observation techniques in a workshop concatenated educational cooking with speech analysis professionals interviewed. We consider the construction of the category dialogue as a result of this research once it has been fully dimensioned for voice analysis of a specific interaction. The analysis was divided into two articulated blocks: the practical visibility of food education as dialogue conditioning and legitimacy of actions as motivation. However, enhancing the look on dialogue between universities and EAN practices is extremely important for us to keep on reflecting and questioning these educational.
Keywords: Food and Nutrition Education. Qualitative research. School. Dialogue. discourse analysis.
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DE BIFIDOBACTERIUM LACTIS NO PESO E COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, GLICEMIA, LIPEMIA E PRESSÃO ARTERIAL DE MULHERES COM OBESIDADE
Author: Louise Crovesy De Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/18/2016
Abstract: Obesity is a multifactorial disease, with difficult control, and is considered a risk factor for other chronics diseases. The altered composition of gut microbiota in obese individual, characterized by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is associated with important metabolic changes that promote weight gain. Modulation by probiotics can help weight loss and improvement of others metabolic parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium lactis on weight loss, glycaemia, lipemia, blood pressure and bowel function in obese women. This is a clinical trial, double-blind, randomized, parallel, controlled with 21 obese women class I and II. They received capsules of B. lactis with 109CFU (test group – TG) or placebo (control group – CG) concomitant with low-calorie diet for 60 days. Anthropometric, body composition, dietary, laboratory (blood glucose and lipemia) and clinics (blood pressure, gastrointestinal symptoms and stool consistency) variables were evaluated. Volunteers showed obesity class I, waist circumference, body fat mass percentage and LDL-cholesterol increased, HDL-cholesterol decreased and insulin resistance. In baseline, antropometric and laboratory variables did not differ. Habitual food intake differ in fiber (p=0,018), that it was lower in the TG. After 60 days of intervention decrease in triglycerides (p=0,020) in TG compared with CG. Was observed others variables did not differ. In intra-group evaluation, comparing the final mensurements of the intervention to the baseline, CG decreased body weight (p=0,050) and IMC (p=0,041), TG showed reduction in calorie intake (p=0,003), both increased protein intake (%) (TG p=0,053 e CG p=0,046) and TG decreased physical activity compared with baseline and CG. Furthermore the probiotic improved bowel function. Daily intake of capsule containing B. lactis for 60 days decreased calorie intake without reflection in body weight loss, and impoves triglyceridemia and bowel function in obese women.
Keywords: Obesity, probiotics, Bifidobacterium lactis, weight loss, lipemia, glycaemia, blood pressure, bowel function.
Title: PADRÕES ALIMENTARES PRÉ-GESTACIONAIS E SUAS ASSOCIAÇÕES COM ÁCIDOS GRAXOS POLIINSATURADOS SÉRICOS AO LONGO DA GESTAÇÃO
Author: Camila Benaim Rodriguez
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/18/2016
Abstract: Background: The nutritional status of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of family n3 and n-6 are associated with maternal-fetal outcomes. The adherence to pre-pregnancy dietary patterns can affect the serum concentrations and the PUFA profile of n-3 and n-6 families throughout pregnancy. Objective: To evaluate the association between the adherence to pre-pregnancy dietary patterns and serum profile of n-3 and n-6 PUFA during pregnancy. Methods: This is a prospective cohort of 188 pregnant women fallowed in a health center in Rio de Janeiro, in which were conducted interviews and anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were collected in three moments: 5th13th, 20th-26th and 30th-36th. The serum concentrations of PUFA [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), total n-3 and total n-6] of the three trimesters of pregnancy was analyzed by robotic extraction method known as high-throughput. The n-6/n-3 ratio was calculated. Pre-pregnancy dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis by principal component (PCA). Longitudinal linear mixed effects (LME) models were employed to verify the associations between DP and PUFA. Interaction terms between dietary patterns and early pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) were included in the LME models. Results: The common-Brazilian, healthy and processed dietary patterns (DP) were identified. In under or normal weight women, the higher adherence to the common-Brazilian and to the healthy DP was associated to higher serum concentration of n-3 PUFA. Additionally, the greater adherence to the healthy DP also resulted in lower concentration of total n-6 PUFA. In contrast, overweight women with higher adherence to these DP showed negative association with n-3 PUFA and with n-6/n-3 ratio. It’s important to highlight that the women with greater adherence to the processed, independently of the BMI, presented lower concentration of n-3 PUFA, higher concentration of n-6 PUFA and higher n-6/n-3 ratio. Conclusion: The association between dietary patterns and PUFA differ according to early pregnancy BMI. The higher adherence to the healthy pattern predicted a better profile of PUFA, except for overweight women. In contrast, the greater adherence to the processed pattern predicted a negative PUFA profile, i.e. lower concentrations of n-3 and higher of n-6 and n-6/-n-3 ratio
Keywords: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Pregnancy; Dietary patterns; Body Mass Index; Cohort studies.
Title: ORIENTAÇÕES POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO MARCO DE REFERÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL PARA POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Author: Marina Noronha Costa Do Nascimento Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/17/2016
Abstract: This study is inserted in the line of research on Nutritional Epidemiology of the Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição do Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. However, its approach is developed in a different format from conventional research in epidemiological studies, since it involved complex objects in the fields of Education and Food and Nutrition. In recent years, new perspectives related to Food and Nutrition issues have been employed in Brazil. In 2003, the fight against hunger and the debate on Food and Nutrition Security were resumed on the government agenda and the participation of civil society in the formulation and implementation of federal public policy took a strategic place. The country instituted national policies through socially participatory processes such as the Food and Nutrition Policy and the Food and Nutrition Security Policy . In this scenario, the Marco de Referência de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para Políticas Públicas, which is the object of this study, was designed and launched in 2011-2012. Government agendas are interpreted from the perspective of the human and social sciences as part of a dynamic social structure that changes according to the political, economic and cultural context. This context dynamically modifies the agenda. The motivation of the research was to contribute to the evaluation of public policies for food and nutrition, perceiving them as a reflection of social and institutional relations whose intentions guide the way, the path to follow. Thus, if on the one hand those policies seek to guide the practices, on the other, they are a reflection of them and often arise in order to give answers and regulation to something that had existed freely without such standards, expressing an ideology, an ideal of “good education” or a “good eating habits” to be reached. In order to make a critical analysis of the guidelines and EAN political orientations present in the document, the concept of ideology and its link with education were used to support the analysis and discussion. The methodological approach adopted the information retrieval and document analysis, which enabled systematic evaluation of the document from the dimensions proposed by Cellard (2010). The document presents the principles and guidelines for the EAN practices as something very clear, simple, practical and idealized, when in fact, it is complex, dense and often difficult to achieve. Some contradictions were noticed, such as using a supposedly transformative discourse, based on Freire’s liberating education, but ending up incoherently, turning into something “artificial”, that intends to moralize and standardize the subject regulating it to follow what would be the right thing to be done.
Keywords: Food and Nutrition Education. Food. Nutrition. Education. Public policy.
Title: COMIDA E SAMBA: A FEIJOADA NO CACIQUE DE RAMOS
Author: Gabriella Fernandes Gachet
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/16/2016
Abstract: This thesis entitled “Food and Samba: feijoada at Cacique de Ramos”, is a study of qualitative and descriptive, being a clipping of the research “Symbology and signification of food in the contexto of the carioca samba”, approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the HU/UFRJ opinion number 862.993, of October 09, 2014. The study discusses cultural and social issues in the field of food, health and culture, in the contexto of the carioca samba, specifically in the Cacique de Ramos, sodality with more than 50 years of tradition in Rio de Janeiro. The meanings attributed to the samba and food/drink and the social and historical context in which these senses are constructed and transmitted arouse thinking to the field of food and nutrition, since they allow the understanding aspects related to the Brazilian culture and its relationship with health. The data were constructed from free observation, formal interviews, with semi-structured guide, and informal. The theoretical and methodological framework of support was the Depth Hermeneutics (HP) of Thompson (2011) and, as reference, na adaptation of the analytical Content Analysis (AC) of Bardin (2008), in its thematic modality. As the main findings, we can highlight the sense of belonging is present in the patrons of the cacique, who bring the samba as part of their life history; the diferences between men and women in eating/drinking and the food as a fundamental part in the events of samba. Although considered non-healthy and taken as a ‘heavy food” by interviewees, their presence is indispensable. As part of this historical and social contexto we realized aspects as religiosity, mysticism, interactions between the sodality and its neighbors and the local trade, as well as the transmission of values between the subjects also proved symbols of identity and resistance of Cacique de Ramos. Thus, we can conclude that the study of the social and historical contexto of the samba, the interactions between the subjects, their life stories and the meanings they atribute to food/beverage allow you to know and understand the local culture and the identification codes and the ordination of the social group and contributes with the resizing of health issues related to nutrition.
Keywords: Qualitative Research. Culture. Feeding. Food Habits.
Title: ALEITAMENTO MATERNO NA PERSPECTIVA DE MULHERES QUE PARTICIPARAM DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO DE CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL PRÉ-NATAL EM UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Julia Benites Sampaio De Azevedo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/17/2015
Abstract: This thesis was developed in the qualitative approach and is a branch of the project “Cuidado nutricional pré-natal na atenção primária à saúde na área de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro” (free translation into English: “Prenatal nutritional care in primary health care in the Manguinhos area, Rio de Janeiro”), developed in a Family Health Surgery (free translation from Clínica de Saúde da Família into English) in Rio de Janeiro. This study was performed with women who participated in an intervention group during prenatal period and had as main objective to understand the different views interviewees has to breastfeeding. While in the intervention group, in the prenatal period, it was applied the observation technique. Eleven women who were in puerperium phase were interviewed, after signing the Terms of Consent. It was chosen the semi-structured interview with a script, which was used only as guidance to the themes selected. In order to enhance understand about the empiric data, it was utilized the interpretative perspective and the thematic trend within Content Analysis by Bardin (2008). The results were presented in a manuscript, entitled “Amamentação na visão de mulheres atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde do Rio de Janeiro” (free translation into English: “A breast-feeding perspective for women attended in a basic health unit in Rio de Janeiro”). As major results, it was observed that women have contradictory feelings concerning breastfeeding, represented by reports of difficulty, sacrifice, limitation, tiredness, as well as affection, love and care. The family relationships were identified as influencers in breastfeeding, especially the advices from the children’s future grandmothers. By contrast, the partner’s role was barely reported. It was observed that their participation is confined, in most cases, financially. The intervention group had relevant role during the participants’ prenatal period. The creation of bonds, interaction and sensation of freedom were described as important points. To insist in a determinist approach is to limit the reach of this practice. Therefore, it can be concluded that breastfeeding is influenced by a complex network of issues, from biological to social culture. Consequently, it is fair to consider the importance of an individualized approach to women in pregnancy conditions, thus creating more proximity towards them and stimulating questions from both sides. To give an active voice to women is to enable their starring changes that occur in their life. This enables awareness and enriches the debate on breastfeeding, thus providing a better understanding of the practice.
Keywords: Descriptors: breastfeeding, user embracement, qualitative research.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO DE INDICADORES DE ADIPOSIDADE CORPORAL COM O NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E O TEMPO DE TELA EM ADOLESCENTES
Author: Juliana De Oliveira Ramadas Rodrigues
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/15/2015
Abstract: The overweight increasing is related to inadequate diets, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and other factors. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors are inversely related and influence adolescent health in different ways. Nowadays, teenagers spend many hours in sedentary behaviors and practice physical activities regularly, showing the coexistence of these two habits. The objective of this study is to assess the association of adiposity indicators with the level of physical activity and screen time among adolescents. One thousand eight hundred forty eight students data added in the Longitudinal Study of Nutrition Examination Teenagers (ELANA) were analyzed. The age ranged from 10 to 19. The students were from the 6th year of primary school and the 1st year of high school in 2010, two public schools and four private schools. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. Cardio respiratory fitness was assessed by running test and 9-minute walk (T9). Sedentary behavior was assessed by the sum of television, computer/video games daily time, self-reported by adolescents. Excess body fat was measured by the fat percentage, waist circumference and waist to height ratio. The association was evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Male students from elementary school (OR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.17-5.81) and from private school elementary school (OR=3.13, 95%CI: 1.58-6.12) are more likely to have excess body fat. Private elementary school students (OR=3.13, 95%CI: 1.31-7.50) with cardio respiratory fitness are more likely to have excess waist to height ratio. Concerning to the sedentary behaviors, male elementary school students with more than 2 computer/ video hours per day have more chance to present high fat percentage (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.06- 2.44) and high waist to height ratio (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.29-3.38) than those who do not. Among elementary school girls, spending more than 2 computer/video hours per day is body fat protector (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.33-0.94) compared to those who spend less than 2 hours per day. In sex, type of school and school segment adjusted analyzes, watching television for more than two hours per day was the only sedentary behavior significantly associated with excess body fat. Risky cardio respiratory fitness increases more than 3 times the chance of having high fat percentage, waist circumference and high waist to height ratio, even after adjusting for confounding variables. Despite the protective effect of proper cardio respiratory fitness, excessively greater than the risk effect of TV hours to excess body fat, we conclude that reducing the time spent on sedentary behaviors should not be overlooked. Priority should be given to a varied approach, proposing activities that promote improvement of cardio respiratory fitness and reduction of sedentary behaviors, aimed at preventing and combating excess adiposity among adolescents.
Keywords:
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DA RESERVA HEPÁTICA DE RETINOL EM IDOSOS FALECIDOS POR DOENÇA CARDIOVASCULAR NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Lilian Isidio De Oliveira Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 11/25/2015
Abstract: Introduction: The antioxidant role of vitamin A has become important to the relationship of this vitamin with the metabolic changes of the aging process and the chronic diseases highlighted in the elderly, especially the cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: To evaluate the hepatic reserve retinol in deceased elderly for cardiovascular disease and its relationship with body and liver weights. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, which were obtained 5 grams of liver autopsied individuals of both sex, older than or equal to 60 years, up to 48 hours post mortem at the Forensics Department of the city of Rio de Janeiro (IML/RJ). We collected the data of cause of death, sex and age at death certificate and the body and liver weights were obtained at autopsy. The hepatic retinol was quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with ultraviolet detector, and the cutoff for inadequacy was below 20g retinol/g tissue (Olson, 1979). The elderly were categorized by sex and age groups 60-69 years and greater than 70 years. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of IML / RJ. The statistical tests relied on the analysis of variance among the causes of death groups and the division of liver retinol quartile, performed by Kruskal Wallis test. It was also evaluated the association of categorical variables by chisquare test (X²), still being calculated Ods Ratio. The significance level was 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 65 elderly, who were divided into cause of death for Ischemic Heart Diseases (G1), Cerebrovascular Diseases (G2) Other Heart Disease Methods (G3), and Infectious Diseases of the Heart (G4), second the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (WHO, 2015b). Among the patients included 52.3% (n = 34) were men and 47.7% (n = 31) were women. 90.8% (n = 59) of the sample were between 60-69 years and 84.6% (n = 29) belonged to the G1. It was observed that 20% (n = 13) of subjects presented inadequate hepatic retinol reserves, 100% of these seniors aged 60-69 years, and 84.6% (n = 11) were elderly men, belonging to the G1. The males had a significantly lower median hepatic retinol (p=0,016) and higher body weight (p=0,050). In addition to presenting the lowest median hepatic retinol reserves among multiple comparison in groups, G1 had significantly lower median when compared to G2 (p=0,012) and G3 (p=0,000). When considered retinol reserve quartiles, there were significant differences in body weight and liver between quartiles 1 and 3 (p = 0,015; p = 0,011, respectively), and significant differences in age were observed between quartiles 1 and 4 (p=0,012), and between 3 and 4 quartiles (p=0,004). There was a significant association between hepatic reserve inadequate retinol and occurrence of ischemic heart disease (p=0,001), with an odds ratio of 10.38 for the occurrence of hepatic reserve inadequate retinol in that group. Conclusion: The ischemic etiology of CVD, and increased body weight and liver are associated with a more severe hepatic reserve of retinol in the men elderly.
Keywords: Myocardial ischemia; retinol; liver; body weight; elderly.
Title: IMPLICAÇÕES DA FONTE LIPÍDICA DA DIETA, NO PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS ERITROCITÁRIOS E NA PROGRESSÃO DA DOENÇA HEPÁTICA GORDUROSA NÃO ALCOÓLICA
Author: Katia Cansancao Correa De Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/27/2015
Abstract: Background: NAFLD is now the most common liver disease in Brazil and worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the composition of dietary FA, enzymatic processes of elongation and desaturation, as well as IR and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) influence the fatty acid content of erythrocytes and are related to the development and progression of NAFLD. Aims: Evaluate dietary intake of lipids and fatty acid composition of total lipids of erythrocytes of patients with NAFLD related to the degree of liver fibrosis and DNL. Methods: A total of 89 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (28 without significant fibrosis ≤ 7 kPa, 61 with significant fibrosis > 7 kPa) were evaluated between January 2014 and January 2015. The adequacy of lipid intake was assessed based on the values of reference recommended by the NCEP ATP III. The composition of the fatty acids of erythrocytes was obtained by gas chromatography and subsequently calculated relationships that reflect the activity of lipogenic enzymes (ELOVL6 18:0/16:0; SCD1 16:1 n-7/16:0; 18:1 n-9/18:0) and index DNL (16: 0/18: 2n-6). Results: Inadequate were observed in consumption MUFA at 100% and PUFA, 93.3% of patients, respectively, and 97.8% patients exceeded the upper limit of daily intake for SFA. The ratio 18:0/16:0 was significantly lower (p= 0.01) and the ratio 18:1n-9 /18:0 significantly higher (p= 0.03) relative to the increase in 16:0 and 18:1 n-9 and associated abdominal adiposity greater the degree of advanced hepatic fibrosis. Significant positive correlations were observed between them FAs erythrocytes 16:0 (r = 0.334; p= 0.00) 18:1 n-9 (r = 0.325; p = 0.00) and the whole MUFA (r = 0.292; p= 0.00) and median liver fibrosis (kPa) and a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.296; p = 0.00) between the enzymatic activity of a biomarker ELOVL6 (18:0/16:0) with the median hepatic fibrosis (kPa). Conclusion: Patients with NAFLD have inadequate in lipid consumption and an increase in FAs 16:0 and 18:1 n-9 and index DNL related to advanced liver fibrosis.
Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fatty acids, fatty acid desaturases, lipogenesis, transiente liver elastography.
Title: CAFÉS TORRADOS E MOÍDOS FORTIFICADOS COM FERRO, ZINCO E CÁLCIO: ANÁLISE DA RECUPERAÇÃO DOS MINERAIS PELOS MÉTODOS DE PREPARO E ANÁLISE SENSORIAL
Author: Nathalia Marques Barros
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/4/2015
Abstract: Nutritional deficiencies are considered to be major challenges for health policies in Brazil. One of the ways to fight these deficiencies is fortification of foods which for this purpose should be regularly consumed by the population. Coffee meets this prerequisite, since it is the most popular food in the country. This work aimed to develop fortified ground roasted coffees with iron, zinc and calcium. It was divided in two parts: In the first part, the recovery of iron, zinc and calcium salts in fortified ground roasted Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora beans, prepared by different methods, was evaluated. The following salts were tested: iron bis glycine, ferrous sulfate, zinc bis glycine, zinc lactate, tricalcium phosphate and calcium lactate. Espresso and electric drip coffee maker with paper and nylon filters were tested. Mineral analyses were performed by ICP-OES. Results were processed by ANOVA, followed by Fisher test and Cluster analysis, and considered to be significant when p
Keywords: Fortified Foods. Coffee. Iron. Zinc. Calcium
Title: EFEITO DA DIETA HIPOENERGÉTICA ASSOCIADA AO CONSUMO DE FARINHA DE CHIA (SALVIA HISPÂNICA L.) NOS MARCADORES DO ESTADO ANTIOXIDANTE EM MULHERES DISLIPIDÊMICAS E COM EXCESSO DE MASSA CORPORAL.
Author: Lucilia De Fatima De Sousa Gomes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/26/2015
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity and dislypidemia are increasing in the world’s population becoming a public health problem. Both are related to oxidative stress and this is consequence of an imbalance between antioxidant (AO) and pro-oxidant system with consequent oxidative damage to tissues. An unhealthy diet increases the risk of obesity and atherosclerosis and, in this context, we highlight the ultraprocessed food whose consumption is growing in parallel with obesity and dislypidemia. The hipoenergetic diet (HD) associated with chia flour (CF) may represent an alternative in the treatment of overweight and dislypidemic women since CF has in its composition fibers, fatty acids (FA) n-3 and antioxidants. Objective: To evaluate the effect of HD associated with the consumption of the CF in antioxidant status of overweight and dislypidemic women. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a randomized block, double-blind, placebo-controlled, lasting 120 days. In the first phase (30 days), 91 volunteers received only HD and 79 completed this phase. After, started the trial (90 days), with 58 volunteers, which is prescribed in addition to the HD, 25 g/day of CF (CFHD, n=30) or placebo (PHD, n=28) groups. They were evaluated at T0 and T90, anthropometric variables (body weight-BW, BM index, waist circumference-WC, neck circumferenceNC), body composition (fat mass-FM), clinical (blood pressure), dietary and biochemical (total cholesterol-TC, low density lipoprotein- LDL-c, high density lipoprotein-HDL, triglycerides-TG, glucose, insulin, 8-isoprostane and DPPH). We performed, for parametric variables, the Student T test for independent samples and paired t test to evaluate the averages between and within groups, respectively. For nonparametric variables, we used the Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test to compare intra group and between groups, respectively. The values were expressed as mean and standard deviation. We used the Statistical Package Social Science (SPPS) version 2.1. The significance level was p <0.05. Results: In the first stage, the HD promoted reduction in BW, BMI, NC, WC, FM, WC∕Height) and serum reduction in TG, glucose, TG∕HDL and visceral adiposity index. Dietary data showed a reduction in energy, trans FA and increased intake of fiber, magnesium, potassium, calcium and C vitamin. There were reduction in industrialized juices, soft drinks, candies and added sugar consumption. In the second phase, we found a reduction in BW, WC, WC/Height and serum CT was in both groups. Only in PHD group decreased FM, BMI, NC, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, LDL-c and 8- isoprostane. Comparing both groups, we found a significant value for DPPH in CFHD and TC/HDL and LDL/HDL index for PHD group. The CFHD group consumed more FA-n3, fiber, magnesium and zinc and had reduced addition sugar. The PHD group reduced intake of saturated FA. Conclusion: HD promoted reduction in anthropometric and biochemical measurements analyzed and improved lipid peroxidation. The CF showed no additive effect to HD in reducing the BW and dislypidemia, however, improved the DPPH in plasma and increased consumption of some nutrients (fiber, FA-n3, magnesium and zinc).
Keywords: antioxidant status, obesity, dyslipidemia, hipoenergetic diet, chia flour, women
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO DA OBESIDADE GRAVE COM O PERFIL METABÓLICO E COM O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE VITAMINA D EM ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS
Author: Jessica Socas Teixeira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/12/2015
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is increasing in epidemic proportions, with significant increase in the prevalence of severe obesity. It is recognized that this disease is progressive and is associated with the emergence of comorbidities and increased overall mortality. Among the metabolic implications of obesity, deserves its association with vitamin D deficiency, indicating that this vitamin may be related to body fat. Objective: To analyze comparatively the association of severe obesity with metabolic profile and nutritional status of vitamin D in adolescents and adults. Methods: Comparative observational study, using a population of adolescents with severe obesity and adults with class III obesity. In anthropometric assessment was measured body weight, height, waist circumference (PC) and calculated the body mass index (BMI). The analysis of vitamin D (25(OH)D) was made by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Efficiency and cutoff points for their ranking were ≤ 20 ng/mL for deficiency, 21-29 ng/mL for insufficiency and ≥ 30 ng/mL for sufficiency. We assessed the lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose and fasting insulin. The insulin sensitivity was assessed by calculating the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). It conducted an evaluation of blood pressure, presence of hepatic steatosis (HS) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Statistical tests considering a significance level of 5% were used. Results: The sample was comprised of 128 individuals: 60 adolescents (G1) and 68 adults (G2), 75% and 63.3% female and 25% and 36.7% males, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in weight, BMI and PC. The HOMA-IR showed a significant difference, with higher averages in G2 (p = 0.000). There was higher average trend of blood glucose in adults (p = 0.070). G1 had higher percentages of all components of the lipid profile with significant differences. The G2 presented higher prevalence of elevated HOMA-IR (p = 0.008). EH, SM and high blood pressure presented elevated prevalence and was observed high levels of CRP in both groups evaluated, with no significant differences. The percentage of inadequate vitamin D (deficiency and insufficiency) was observed in 90% and 79.4% in G1 and G2, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. There was a negative and significant correlation of BMI values with 25(OH)D in G2 (r = – 0.244, p = 0.045). Individuals with inadequate vitamin D had higher CRP levels in both groups (p = 0.000). Also there was significant negative correlation between the mean 25 (OH) D and CRP in G1 (r = – 0.871, p = 0.000) and G2 (r = – 0.811, p = 0.000). The HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation, statistically significant, with 25 (OH) D in G1 (r = – 0.832, p = 0.000) and G2 (r = – 0.589, p = 0.000). The inadequacy of this vitamin was associated with high total cholesterol in G1 (p = 0.029) and higher values of LDL-c in G2 (p = 0.003) and a trend of the latter in the group of adolescents (p = 0.055). There was no statistically significant association between concentrations of 25(OH)D with EH, SH and SM. Conclusion: The two groups were similar with respect to the prevalence and severity of metabolic changes, which in turn were associated with deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D. Such findings draw attention to the effects of exposure to obesity in the progressive deterioration of associated complications including DVD, which can increase the chances of the emergence of cardiovascular disease, increasingly early, in the lives of individuals. Thus, the development of strategies for prevention and control of obesity and combating unhealthy nutritional state of vitamin D is needed.
Keywords: Obesity, vitamin D, Insulin Resistance, C-Reactive Protein, Fatty Liver, Metabolic Syndrome X
Title: FATORES PREDITIVOS DO PESO AO NASCER DOS FILHOS DE GESTANTES ADOLESCENTES
Author: Tereza Cristina Campos D Ambrosio Bessa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/11/2015
Abstract: Introduction: teenage pregnancy is one of the main risk factors for infant and maternal mortality. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death among these adolescents. Recent data point to a substantially increased risk (50%) of death in newborn children of adolescent mothers than those born to women over 20 years old. The teenage mothers`s newborns are also more likely to have low birth weight. Objective: identify predictors of birth weight in newborns of pregnant adolescents. Methods: analytical, cross-sectional study, including 751 adolescent mothers (≥10 and ≤ 20 years old) met in Public Maternity located in the Rio de Janeiro. Data collection occurred through interviews with pregnant teenagers and hospital records. The analyzed variables were: maternal anthropometric, sociodemographic, obstetric, medical and prenatal care characteristics and the conditions at birth of the conceptus. Different linear regression models were tested by the stepwise method, to identify predictors of birth weight. Results: the medium maternal and gynecological ages, at childbirth were 17.5±1.6 e 4.8±2.1 years, respectively. Among the predictors of birth weight, stood out gestational age at delivery (β = 91.828, p = 0.001), the number of prenatal nutrition assistance consultations (β = 53.417; p = 0.01), weight gain in the second (β = 31.743, p = 0.005) and third (β = 26.324, p = 0.012)trimesters of pregnancy, and the number of people in the adolescent family (β = -33.102, p = 0.039.Conclusion: the findings indicate that nutritional monitoring should be included in prenatal care of pregnant adolescents and confirm the association between adverse sociodemographic conditions, weight gain in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy with birth weight.
Keywords: Pregnancy in adolescence. Birth weight. Prenatal nutrition. Prenatal care.
Title: FATORES DETERMINANTES DO BAIXO PESO AO NASCER EM FILHOS DE GESTANTES ADOLESCENTES DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SEGUNDO A ANÁLISE HIERARQUIZADA
Author: Gabriella Pinto Belfort Araujo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 6/15/2015
Abstract: This thesis aimed to investigate the effect of the DASH diet on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) previously. A randomized controlled trial, simple-blind, with two arms was developed, which had the effect of the DASH diet, adapted for Brazilian pregnant women, with pre-existing DM. Fifty pregnant women who attended prenatal care at the public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro between 2016 and 2019 participated in the study. Twenty-one women were allocated to the standard group (SG) and 29 to the DASH group (DG). The SG receives a standard diet, containing 45 to 55% of the total energy value (VET) of carbohydrates, 15 to 20% to VET proteins and 25 to 30% to VET lipids. The DG received an adapted DASH diet, with a distribution of macronutrients similar to the standard diet, but with greater variations in fibers, unsaturated fats, calcium, magnesium, potassium, in addition to a lower saturated fat content. The follow-up of pregnant women occurred from 28th gestational week and occurred until birth, lasting an average of 18 weeks. As statistical statistics were not performed in the SPSS 21.0 program, the significance level of 5% was adopted. The DG has a proportion 2,7 times smaller of pre-eclampsia (PE – 10.3% vs. 27.8% without SG, p = 0.230). There was no difference between the blood pressure groups, oxidative stress markers, serum lipids, with the exception of LDL cholesterol, which did not suffer an increase only in DG (p = 0.42). Small changes occur in both groups in serum lipids, mainly for triglycerides, which in SG increased on average 42.2 ± 33.1 mg / dl and in DG 44.6 ± 32.4 mg / dl (comparison between groups p = 0.86). Both research groups showed a reduction in glycated hemoglobin during the intervention (SG = – 0.77 ± -1.0%, p = 0.01 and DG = – 1.03 ± 1.04%, p 0,05). Both applied diets had beneficial effects on glycemic control, however, the present research suggests that the DASH diet has a greater effect protection on the variation of gestational BMI, contributes to a shorter hospital stay for mothers and newborns and seems to provide protection for PE. It was also observed that adequate glycemic control should be encouraged for prevention of PE and that this can be achieved, regardless of the adopted dietary strategy.
Keywords:
Title: LIPÍDIOS DIETÉTICOS NA REGULAÇÃO DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO, APETITE E BIOMARCADORES DA OBESIDADE E DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Author: Carolina Garcia Moncores
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/29/2015
Abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are diseases caused by multiple factors, representing a global public health problem due to the high prevalence and association with morbidities. There is evidence that the quality of dietary lipids can influence the control of these diseases. The consumption of unsaturated lipids may increase energy expenditure (EE) and satiety, decrease appetite and regulate blood concentrations of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides when compared to saturated lipids, however, the result of the studies are still controversial. The objective of the study was to evaluate the posprandial effect of the quality of lipids from the meal in EE, appetite, satiety, glucose, insulin and triglycerides in women with obesity and T2DM. This is a clinical trial, crossover, randomized, single-blind, with 15 days washout, led with six volunteers, which received four high fat meals rich in fatty acid (FA) polyunsaturated n-6, monounsaturated FA, FA polyunsaturated n-3 and saturated FA, respectively containing soybean oil (OS), olive oil (OA), fish oil (OP) and butter (OM). Before and after each test meal, metabolic variables were assessed by indirect calorimetry, sensations related to food intake by the Visual Analogue Scale and laboratory tests (glucose, triglycerides and insulin). Were not observed differences at baseline, postprandial, as well as the variation between baseline and PP for laboratory parameters variation during 180 minutes for laboratory variable, EE, respiratory quotient and sensations related to food intake. However, the evolution of the variables for each group showed that in all groups there was an increase in serum insulin and OA, OP and OM was elevated triglycerides. The percentage of increase in EE, measured by the thermal effect of food (TEF) was quantitatively superior in OS and OA. There was no differential acute effect of type of lipid of the test meals in postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and TG, despite the intragroup effects of SFA and PUFA n-6 on insulin and n-3 PUFA and SFA in plasma triglycerides. The type of lipid meal does not seem to influence the EE and appetite, despite the clinical importance of PUFA n-6 and MUFA in raising the TEF.
Keywords: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary lipids, energy expenditure, appetite, glucose, triglycerides.
Title: CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE MULHERES ADULTAS BENEFICIÁRIAS DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS DADOS DA PESQUISA DE ORÇAMENTOS FAMILIARES 2008-2009
Author: Aline Soares De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/13/2015
Abstract: The main proposal of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), launched in 2004, is that, through income improvement and conditionalities complying, benefited families get advances on food intake and health, education and social attendance conditions. In regard to the engagement against hunger, nationwide studies show better access and intake of some types of foods. The aim of the actual study was to assess the individual food intake of PBF-benefited-women based on the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey data. This population-based study evaluated 55,970 households, from which 13,569 were selected to participate in a dietary survey. The sample was composed of 9,708 women (20-59 years old) from all country regions. Individual food intake data was collected through two food records, whose items were combined into 20 food groups (grammes). We assessed the total energy intake (Kcal) and the average (gram/day) of food groups consumed (distribution’s dietary intake correction using The Multiple Source Method), stratifying the values according to the participation on PBF (with or without PBF). The statistical significance of differences on energy and food groups intakes was estimated considering 95% Confidence Intervals (IC95%). The results revealed that women without PBF consumed more energy (1666 kcal, IC 95% 1646-1686 vs 1591 kcal, IC95% 1561- 1620), potatoes (30g, IC 95% 28-31 vs 23g, IC 95% 21-25), milk and dairy products (197g, IC95% 190-204 vs 134g, IC 95% 126-143), sweets (26g, IC95% 25-28 vs 20g, IC95% 18-21), pizza (27g, IC95% 26-29 vs 10g, IC95% 9-12), juices (140g, IC95% 135-145 vs 111g, IC95% 104-117), soft drinks (94g, IC95% 89-100 vs 51g, IC95% 46-57), fruits (92g, IC95% 88-96 vs 68g, IC95% 63-73), greens (29g, IC95% 28-31 vs 17g, IC95% 15-19) and legumes (16g, IC95% 15-17 vs 11g, IC95% 10-13. Women with PBF reported higher intake of rice (135g, IC95% 132-138 vs 155g, IC95% 149-161), coffee (143g, IC95% 135-152 vs 192g, IC95% 179- 206), flour (5g, IC95% 4-5 vs 14g, IC95% 12-15), beans (147g, IC95% 142-152 vs 188g, IC95% 179-197), corn (15g, IC95% 14-16 vs 32g, IC95%29-36) and eggs (9g, IC95% 8-9 vs 13g, IC95% 12-13). The higher the quartile of per capita income, the higher the amount of soft drinks, sweets and pizza independently of PBF. In contrast, the means of consumption of these items are smaller among the PBF-benefited-women. Similarly, as schooling rises, there is a tendency of consuming fruits, greens, legumes, milk and dairy products, but also soft drinks, sweets and pizza. Women benefited by the PBF presented food profile distinct from those not benefited by the Program. The actual analysis revealed that women benefited by the PBF as well as women not benefited include on their diet both healthy and unhealthy foods. However, it is remarkable that the intake of basic foods (which compose the Brazilian basic food pattern) was higher among women with PBF and of those classified as non-healthy foods was higher among the women without PBF. Women benefited by the PBF are potential targets of politics and programs that motivate healthy eating.
Keywords: Bolsa Família Program, Food consumption, Brazilian Household Budget Survey, Women.
Title: ADEQUAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO/METABÓLICO DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS VEGETARIANOS
Author: Patricia Duque Estrada
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/4/2015
Abstract: The vegetarian diet is characterized by the total exclusion of all types of meat and followers can be considered as ovolactovegetarian, lactovegetarian and vegan, depending on the exclusion degree of animal products. This diet is nutritionally adequate when it is well planned to avoid potential nutritional deficiencies. It was a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample and the objective was to evaluate the adequacy of nutritional recommendations and biochemical/metabolic profile of vegetarian university students. It was considered the following inclusion criteria: students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate public universities in the city of Rio de Janeiro, between 20 and 59 years and meat and derivatives consumption frequency equal to never or less than once per month, for at least one year. Socioeconomic, lifestyle, level of physical activity questionnaires were applied and delivery a three days food registration. Anthropometric and body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance were performed and Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined. Blood samples were collected for analysis of: complete blood count and complete lipid profile; glucose; serum vitamin B12, plasma homocysteine, serum ferritin, serum iron, serum zinc, serum folate, 25-hidroxivitamin D, serum calcium, total iron binding capacity and C-Reactive Protein. Participated in the research 35 individuals with a mean age of 24.09 (3,96) years and 51,4% (n=18) were females. Of these, 80,0% (n=28) were ovolactovegetarians, 65,7% (n=23) had a mean of adhesion between 1 and 5 years and they reported ethics animals as the main reason. Regarding the level of physical activity, 54,3% (n=19) of individuals were considered active, 74,3% (n=26) reported they had never smoked and 28,6% (n=10) did not consume alcoholic beverages. Most of the participants were considered as normal, by BMI. Individuals presented caloric intake below the estimated average requirement and mostly adequate macronutrient distribution. In terms of micronutrients, calcium and zinc were those with highest proportion of individuals with intake below the Estimated Average Requirement, for both genders. Of the analyzed biochemical/metabolic parameters, without considering the individuals who used supplements, 75% (n=18) of individuals presented vitamin B12 deficiency, of these 33,3% (n=8) had elevated plasma homocysteine. It was observed significant negative correlation between vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine. It was noticed that 76,9% (n=9) and 15,3% (n=2) of the women had iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, respectively. Sixty -two percent (n=15) had deficient or insufficient serum vitamin D. The results of this study shows that vegetarians are prone to vitamins and minerals deficiencies, being necessary the adequacy of these nutrients.
Keywords: vegetarian diet, university students, food consumption, biochemical/metabolic profile.
Title: PRINCIPAIS TEMÁTICAS DE NUTRIÇÃO NA OPAS (1923 a 1939)
Author: Isabela Ferreira Cardoso
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/20/2015
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to list the main nutrition topics emphasized by the countries a part of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) during the nutrition institutionalization period in the world (institutionalization in terms of public policy, education and scientific traditions). Therefore, this work provides a perspective by identifying the concerns discussed regarding this continent. The PAHO journal was used as the historical source for data collection. The time period comprises the years 1923 (first publication of the journal) to 1939 (which includes an international phase of institutionalization motivated mainly by the global recession of the 1930s and the interwar period). The key issues are identified in terms of their onset and continuation. Relevant themes include: food surveillance and food safety; depth of nutrition science and its laws; training of professionals and creation of nutrition institutions; socioeconomic conditions and their relationship with food assistance programs; breastfeeding; complementary infant feeding; school meals; medical nutrition therapy and its importance; nutritional value of milk; nutrition in the military; chemical analysis of food; economy. These themes were especially related to public health. The examples of initiatives from these countries regarding these issues were the primary means chosen for flow of ideas and proposals; The PAHO established a continental nutrition agenda as a stimulus to the involvement of Latin American countries regarding the food issues. This was provided through the exchange of ideas and experiences among nutrition experts through publications and news articles in the journal of the organization. Thus, based on the data, one can notice that PAHO was an important communication vehicle in the attempt to promote the institutionalization of nutrition in this continent in terms of dissemination of trends in health, nutrition growth as qualified field of knowledge and medical importance, and connections between nutrition and socioeconomic aspects
Keywords: history of nutrition; OPAS; international nutrition; history of health; food; nutrition.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO DA APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA, DO NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E DO COMPORTAMENTO SEDENTÁRIO COM O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE ADOLESCENTES
Author: Marcelo Jannuzzi Franceschin
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/26/2015
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases is associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity has an important role on weight control strategies and health promotion. It´s known that physical activity and sedentary habits have opposite influences over adolescent’s health, either as a protective or risk factor. However, taking into account teenager’s lifestyle nowadays, the coexistence of sedentary and active behaviors is considered and, thus, the question over which of them should be more relevant to adolescent’s health. The objective of this study is to assess associations between overweight and the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior in both isolated and combined ways. Data from 1015 students of the 1st year of high school in 2010, aged 13 to 19 years old, from 2 public and 4 private schools, belonging to the baseline of Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Nutritional Status Assessment (ELANA project). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed based on the 9 minutes running and walking test; the level of physical activity was assessed based on self-answered short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and sedentary behavior was defined as 2 or more hours of television watching time; Overweight were classified by the sex-and-age specific body mass index cut-offs (weight/height2 ) based on World Health Organization (WHO) criterion (>1 z-score). Binary logistic regressions were carried out and associations were expressed in terms of odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI95). Raw analyses, stratified by sex and type of school showed that teenagers who watch TV more than 2 hours daily have about 70% more chance of having overweight than the ones who does not. Boys who practice less than 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have 35% (OR=0,65; CI95= 0,43-0,98) less chance of having overweight than the ones who meet this recommendation. Similar association is observed among public schools students (OR=0,56; CI95= 0,36-0,87). Combined effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on overweight shows an odds ratio of 0,46 (IC95= 0,22-0,95) for girls who practice less than 60 min per day of MVPA and watch TV for less than 2 hours daily, compared to those with higher level of physical activity and similar sedentary behavior. There is no occurrence of overweight among girls with high cardiorrespiratory fitness and low sedentary behavior and also among public schools’ students with the same cardiorrespiratory fitness status despite their sedentary behavior. Logistic regression adjusted by sex, type of school age and energy consumption shows that adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness have nearly a 5 times greater chance of having overweight than those with desired cardiorespiratory fitness (OR=4.6; CI95= 1.38-15.34). Watching television for at least 2 hours per day increases the chance of having overweight by 92%, compared with adolescents who does not watch that much television (OR=1.92; CI95= 1.30-2.83). Adjusted logistic regression for assessing the effect of the level of physical activity on overweight shows 44% less chance (OR=0,56; CI95= 0,40-0,78) of having overweight for adolescents who practice less than 60 minutes of MVPA daily compared to those who practice more than 60 minutes of MVPA per day. Although cardiorespiratory fitness association with overweight is greater than the one observed between TV watching time and overweight, the importance of reducing time dedicated to sedentary behaviors should not be underestimated. A multiple approach, which proposes activities that increase cardiorespiratory fitness and the reduction of sedentary behavior is necessary for a greater efficiency of a weight control program among adolescents.
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Title: SENTIDOS E SIGNIFICADOS DO RECEBIMENTO DO BENEFÍCIO DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA PARA MULHERES TITULARES RESIDENTES EM DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Author: Ana Alice Taborda
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/16/2015
Abstract: This work is guided on a qualitative approach and is an integral part of two related research called “Extreme Poverty, Food Insecurity and Public Policy: Families Longitudinal Study Catered by Bolsa Família Program in Duque de Caxias City” and “Longitudinal study of families served by the Bolsa Família Program in Duque de Caxias “, developed by the Research Group on Food and Nutrition Security in Duque de Caxias (SANDUC). The study is descriptive, exploratory type, as it sought to gain greater familiarity with the Bolsa Família Program, the resident holders are elected in Duque de Caxias, in an attempt to understand the significance and meanings attributed by these women in resource utilization. The money linked to women causes dynamics in family relationships that allows the improvement in the various conceptions of Food and Nutritional Security, just to understand that they have a closer role with regard to family health and especially in the your children. So we try to understand the meanings of receipt for holders women through narrative interviews. The analytical reference for this research was based on ideas arising from the comprehensive sociology, the theoretical framework of Depth Hermeneutics (HP) proposed by John B. Thompson (2011) and analytical perspective of Content Analysis (CA) proposed by Bardin (2009 ) in their thematic modality. We interviewed 10 women aged between 32 and 64 years had a low educational level, three illiterate, and only four women lived with a partner. The BF receiving ranged from 1 to 10 years. The main results showed that the benefit of receiving the directions for these women show differences that will depend on the neighborhood in which they reside and family composition. The meaning “The BF is for the children” reveals that, in view of these women, BF money should be spent with the children, such as buying food, school and school supplies, as well as realize that BF is only granted to families who have children in their composition. The aid is able to help in the economic maintenance of the house, despite statements like “The BF is a help, but that is little.” For power are implicit way of acquisition of foods considered as “luxury” and food linked to the “basic needs” such as rice, beans, sugar, coffee and oil. The guarantee of a steady income every month brings important elements for the development of autonomy, responsibility, self-reliance and self-determination for these women, implying senses as the “release of a humiliating life.” The research, although be based in the exploratory investigation of the Duque de Caxias field proposed, brought assumptions that the power would be a major factor in the use of the benefit. This is presented in a very relevant way, is considered the highest priority in resource utilization, however, it did not emerge as the most important element in the speech of the interviewees, because for these women, money brings more than just the possibility of acquiring food. The reflections of the work allow us to think like PBF reflected in women’s life trajectory and consequently their families, noting that the municipality of Duque de Caxias, needs more structural policies to support families with regard to health, education and generation employment, as alone an income transfer policy does not solve the problem of poverty and vulnerability of households of Duque de Caxias.
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Title: AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL ANTIOXIDANTE E RELAÇÃO COM O GRAU DE FIBROSE EM PACIENTES COM DOENÇA HEPÁTICA GORDUROSA NÃO ALCOÓLICA
Author: Juliana Moraes Coelho
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/13/2015
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: EFEITO DA PIPERINA NA INDUÇÃO DE SENSIBILIDADE COLATERAL E NA REVERSÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À VINCRISTINA EM CÉLULAS DE LEUCEMIA RESISTENTES A QUIMIOTERÁPICOS
Author: Julia Quarti Cardoso
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/27/2015
Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major obstacle in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. The main cause of MDR is the overexpression, in tumor cells, of drug efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which are capable of expelling from cells chemotherapeutic agents, such as vincristine (VCR). One strategy to overcome MDR is the identification of compounds whose action is selective on MDR cells, a phenomenon known as collateral sensitivity (CS). Furthermore, recent studies have been performed in order to reverse MDR through the combination of food bioactive compounds with chemotherapeutic agents. Among the compounds that can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy is piperine, a phytochemical present in black pepper. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of piperine in the induction of CS and in the reversal of resistance to VCR in the blast crisis CML MDR cells. Cell viability by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction assay showed that piperine decreased the viability of leukemia sensitive cells, K562, and MDR cells, Lucena-1 and FEPS, with IC50 values after 72 hours incubation of 99,0 ± 2,3 µM, 87,9 ± 3,9 µM and 41,5 ± 1,6 µM respectively. These results show that MDR cells Lucena-1 and FEPS are more sensitive to piperine than K562, characterizing the CS phenomenon. In contrast, the cytotoxic effect of piperine on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was lower than in the FEPS MDR cells. Based on flow cytometer analysis, treatment with piperine for 72 hours did not alter cell cycle distribution of leukemia cells. However, for the same incubation period, 100 µM piperine induced Lucena-1 and FEPS to apoptosis, and this effect was more pronounced in FEPS. It has been reported that FEPS is more resistant than Lucena-1, since FEPS has P-gp expression 2-fold higher than Lucena-1. In order to test whether CS might be related to the presence of P-gp, experiments were performed with Lucena-1 and FEPS cells silenced to the MDR-1 gene (encoding P-gp). Piperine was less cytotoxic in these silenced cells. In addition, we analyzed the effect of piperine on the expression and activity of P-gp in Lucena-1 and FEPS cells by incubation with antibody against P-gp and testing with a fluorescent substrate of P-gp, Rhodamine- 123, respectively. In these experiments it was seen that 50 µM and 100 µM of piperine reduced both expression and activity of P-gp in FEPS cells, however, inhibit only P-gp activity in Lucena-1 cells. The association of piperine with VCR chemotherapy showed that the resistance of Lucena-1 cells to VCR was reversed by piperine. Thus, this study suggested that piperine is able to induce CS and reverse resistance to VCR in the blast crisis CML MDR cells, and the mechanism of piperine to induce CS seems to be associated with the expression of P-gp in these tumor cells membrane. Investigations like this can help design therapeutic strategies that may act by preventing or reversing MDR in this type of cancer.
Keywords: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells, Multidrug Resistance, P-glycoprotein, Piperine, Collateral Sensitivity, Reversal Effect to Vincristine
Title: LIPÍDIOS DA DIETA: MODULAÇÃO DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, COMPORTAMENTO ALIMENTAR, BIOMARCADORES E DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS NA OBESIDADE
Author: Marcelly Cunha Oliveira Dos Santos Lopes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/27/2015
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: FATORES ASSOCIADOS ÀS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS SÉRICOS AO LONGO DA GESTAÇÃO E ASSOCIAÇÕES COM SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS
Author: Thatiana De Jesus Pereira Pinto
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/10/2015
Abstract: Introduction: Changes in lipid metabolism during pregnancy are important for the appropriate development of the fetus and subsequent development of the newborn. The inadequate supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids may result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, such as suicide risk, gestational and/or postpartum depression and preterm birth. Objective: To describe the pattern of change of serum fatty acids during pregnancy, evaluate the factors associated with these changes and investigate the association between serum fatty acids concentrations and the occurrence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective cohort with 225 pregnant women evaluated in the following gestational weeks: 5 th -13th, 20th -26th and 30th -36th . The presence of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥ 11. Blood samples were collected in each trimester of pregnancy, and the serum was analyzed to determine the fatty acid composition using the gas chromatography method with high efficiency robot system. Analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models (article 1) and logistic models with random intercept (article 2). Results: The absolute concentration of fatty acids presented a higher increase from the 1st to the 2nd trimester compared to the slightly increase from the 2nd to the 3 rd trimester. Early pregnancy BMI, inter-partum interval and weekly fish intake were the factors associated with changes in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) + docosahexaenoic (DHA) and total n-3 fatty acids concentration. Early pregnancy BMI, age and per-capita income were inversely associated with the n-6/n-3 ratio while alcohol consumption was positively associated. In the adjusted logistic model, higher variations in the EPA, DHA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and total n-3 concentration for a particular women during pregnancy were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms while the n-6/n-3 ratio represented a greater odd of depressive symptoms, after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion: Identifying risk factors associated with prospective changes in serum fatty acids concentrations is important to improve planning pregnancy. Lower per-capita income being positively associated with the n-6/n-3 ratio suggests that effective actions must be directed to the lower socioeconomic classes. Additionally, the association between lower variations in n3 fatty acids concentrations and higher chance of depressive symptoms during pregnancy highlights the attention for a serious public health problem often overlooked by health practitioners.
Keywords: Prospective study, Essential fatty acids, Depressive symptoms, Pregnancy, Longitudinal analyses.
Title: EFEITO DA INGESTÃO DE QUERCETINA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO MUSCULAR E VIAS DE HIPERTROFIA/ATROFIA EM MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICO DE RATOS WISTAR
Author: Jessica De Oliveira Bouviere
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/2/2015
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS, HÁBITOS DE VIDA, EXCESSO DE PESO E PRESSÃO ARTERIAL ELEVADA EM POPULAÇÃO DE BAIXA RENDA
Author: Talita Barbosa Domingos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/16/2014
Abstract: Hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure (BP) is a disease with high prevalence in the Brazilian population, it is important to evaluate factors related to the development of this disease. Thus, this study aims to identify the social factors and lifestyle habits related to elevated BP in low-income people. The data used comes from a population-based-crosssectional made in 2010 with 1529 adults aged 19-59,9 years old from Duque de Caxias-RJ. BP was classified according to the VI Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension (2010). Sociodemographic factors considered were age, education, race, marital status, income per capita, economic status, consumption of treated water and food insecurity (IA). The lifestyle habits were evaluated considering smoking, alcohol intake, consumption of fruits and vegetables, the number of daily meals and overweight. We adopted a hierarchical model considering the variables related to basic determinants, intermediate and immediate elevation of BP. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression, obtaining Prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% CI. The characterization of the sample showed a prevalence of 29,1% of individuals with high BP, 21,7% with higher income per capita than the minimum wage and 86.7% in the economic classes C / D / E. In relation to lifestyle consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported by respectively 54,8% and 67,6% of subjects, 31,0% of respondents had up to three meals a day, and overweight was observed in 62,5% of subjects. This work identified an association of hypertension among adults older than 50 years (PR=1,62 CI=1,09-2,41), who reported low frequency of fruit consumption (PR=1,37 CI=1,07-1,74), overweight (PR=1,70 CI=1,31-2,20) and low consumption of meals (PR=1,72 CI=1,21-2,43). Was identified regarding the consumption of meals and low consumption of fruits with high blood pressure, it is interesting to study the mechanisms involved in this
Keywords: Blood pressure, Overweight and Eating habits.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS PARA PROMOÇÃO DA ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL EM RESTAURANTES COMERCIAIS DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Camila Batista Rodrigues
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/16/2014
Abstract: The food environment of university campuses appear to influence the diet quality of students and several studies show that this, in general, presents unfavorable to promoting healthy eating, because it includes barriers for choosing healthier options. Therefore, the factors’s assessment that may contribute to or limit healthy eating in these environments is very important. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the resources available to promote healthy eating in commercial restaurants in the main campus of the UFRJ. First, a tool for assessing food services (IASA) was developed and tested by interobserver reliability and test re-test. Then, the barriers and facilitators to promote healthy eating in 54 establishments in Fundão Island campus were identified Most of the items evaluated (53%) obtained interobserver agreement ranging from moderate to high ( 0.40 to 1.00 ) . Reproducibility was higher reliability values : 63 % of the items presented kappa ranging from good to high (0.60 to 1.00). Food services characterized by present many barriers to healthy eating as low availability of fruit and whole, low sugar and fat content foods. In addition, there was high supply of fried and high in sugar and fat foods. There was also that stimulating healthy consumption was reduced while stimulating unhealthy consumption was encouraged by exposure signs / notes / displays. This work has as main result the development of psychometrically evaluated questionnaire, which can be considered adequate for the evaluation of nutritional environments in commercial food services. As observed in other college campuses, the campus analyzed, characterized by the presence of barriers to promoting healthy eating, indicating a need for studies exploring the modification possibilities that environment towards promoting healthy eating.
Keywords:
Title: DESEMPENHO DA AVALIAÇÃO SUBJETIVA GLOBAL PRODUZIDA PELO PACIENTE (ASG-PPP) NO PROGNÓSTICO DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER AVANÇADO EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS
Author: Emanuelly Varea Maria Wiegert
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/15/2014
Abstract: Malnutrition is a common affliction among cancer patients and results in body mass depletion, diminished performance status, and reduced quality of life and survival. Thus, nutritional assessment should be carried out at all stages of the disease allowing appropriate intervention intended to improve or maintain nutritional status. The Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a subjective method nutritional assessment developed and validated for oncology patients. This study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care. It was conducted an observational clinical study with a cohort of 120 patients admitted to the palliative care unit at the National Cancer Institute (INCA) during the month of November 2012. The nutritional status was assessed by ASG-PPP and patients subjectively classified as: well nourished (A), moderately malnourished (B) or severely malnourished (C) furthermore, based on the sum of items of the instrument generated a numerical score. Performance status was measured by the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), with values from 20 to 100% (the higher the score, the better the performance status). For survival analysis, patients were categorized into two groups ≤30 or >30 days. According to the ASG-PPP, 94.2% (n=113) of the sample were moderately or severely malnourished (B and C), with a mean score of 21.1 (± 6.1) points and 89,2% (n=107) had KPS ≤50% at the time of evaluation. Nutritional status was significantly associated with performance status (p=0.0009). The well nourished (A) patients had a significantly higher survival than malnourished B (p=0.021) and C (p=0.013), but there was no significant difference between moderate to severe malnourished B and C (p=0.61). The best cutoff of ASG-PPP score (≥20 points) for the occurrence of death was determined by the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). The area under the curve was 0.63 (95%CI: 0.53 to 0.73; p=0.015), with a sensitivity of 59.4% and specificity of 53.6%. According to multivariate analysis the total score of ASG-PPP (p=0.045) and the KPS: 20-30% (p=0.015) and 40-50% (p=0.031) were independent predictors of survival. The results of this study demonstrated that the ASG-PPP provides prognostic information that can contribute to the proper nutritional intervention in this population.
Keywords: Nutritional Assessment. Neoplasms. Palliative care. Prognosis. Survival.
Title: EFEITO DO PROCESSAMENTO TÉRMICO E DA DIGESTÃO SIMULADA IN VITRO SOBRE O CONTEÚDO DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS E A CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE UM RISOTO DE ESPECIARIAS
Author: Marcelo Chaves De Azevedo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/11/2014
Abstract: Vegetables are sources of bioactive compounds which are considered as a key factor in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases when used regularly. Many of these compounds are found in herbs and spices that are used in the culinary. Turmeric, black pepper and red pepper are included amongst the most commonly used spices in cooking and their bioactive compounds curcumin, piperine and capsaicin, respectively, have been the target of several studies due to their potential health benefits. However, thermal processing by which spices are submitted during food preparation, associated with the process of digestion, might affect the content of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to make a spiced risotto containing these spices and to evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity. In order to develop this preparation we evaluated three different brands of each spice, acquired on Rio de Janeiro’s retail market. The brand of each spice with the highest content of bioactive compounds was chosen. We observed that the content of curcumin, capsaicin, and piperine in the spices as well as the content of total polyphenols were lower than those observed in the literature. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the results showed that the three different spices are in accordance with literature findings. Turmeric showed higher antioxidant potential compared to both peppers. Thermal processing and in vitro digestion did result in loss of bioactive compounds and reduction of antioxidant capacity. Five minutes cooking led to a decrease of 25% in the content of curcuminoids, 31% in piperine and no decrease was noticed in the capsaicin content. The in vitro digestion resulted in a decrease of 95% in the content of curcuminoids, 31% in piperine and 100% decrease in capsaicin. In conclusion, both thermal processing and in vitro digestion are determinant for the content of bioactive compounds. Thus it is suggested that new studies should be done to evaluate the possibility of formation of metabolites of these compounds after digestion.
Keywords: Curcuma, Black Pepper, Capsicum, Oryza Sativa, Thermal Procesing, Digestion, Liquid Chromatography
Title: GASTO ENERGÉTICO BASAL DE ADOLESCENTES BRASILEIROS ATLETAS DE PENTATLO MODERNO: ESTUDO DE CONCORDÂNCIA ENTRE EQUAÇÕES PREDITIVAS E CALORIMETRIA INDIRETA
Author: Luiz Lannes Loureiro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/10/2014
Abstract: The principal component of human energy expenditure is the basal metabolic expenditure (BME) which can be estimated by several predictive equations available in the literature. However the BMR equations often are not well adjusted for adolescent athletes requiring the use of specific methods, such as the golden standard indirect calorimetry (IC). The accurate estimative of energy needs is crucial for an optimal physical performance among athletes, so we had the aim to analyse the agreement between the BMR of adolescents pentathletes measured by IC and estimated by the predictive equations. Twenty-eight athletes (17 males and 11 females) were evaluated using IC and the predictive equations Harris and Benedict (HB), Cunningham (CUN), Henry and Rees (HR) and FAO/WHO/UNU (FAO). Body composition was obtained using DXA and sexual maturity data were retrieved through questionnaires. The correlations among anthropometric variables an IC were analysed by T-student test and ICC, while the agreement between IC and the predictive equations was analysed according to Bland-Altman and by survivalagreement plotting. The average BME from IC differed to FAO considering the whole sample (p
Keywords: Basal Metabolic Rate, Indirect Calorimetry, Predictive Equations, Athletes, Adolescents, Modern Pentathlon.
Title: SENTIDOS E SIGNIFICADOS DE MULHERES NO CICLO GRAVÍDICOPUERPERAL SOBRE O CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL PRÉ-NATAL EM DIABETES
Author: Raphaela Correa Monteiro Machado
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/3/2014
Abstract: This dissertation focused on qualitative approach constitutes a descriptive study and represents the step 3 of the project entitled “Contributions theoretical-practical for prenatal care of diabetic pregnant women”, which was developed in the period of 2011-2014 by Research Group on Maternal Child Health, linked to the Nutrition Institute Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The study deals with cultural issues in the field of health, highlighting ways to study the design and practices about the nutritional care for pregnant women with a diagnosis of Diabetes, assisted in a public maternity hospital federal in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. The interest on the theme came from the coexistence of researcher with these women to see the implications of symbolic dimension of nutritional care to them intended. Participants were 17 adult women who have recently given birth and with a diagnosis of previous or gestational diabetes. The simple observation and semi-structured interviews were applied to the construction of empirical data. The analytical benchmarks adopted were the Hermeneutics of Depth (HP) proposal by John B. Thompson (2011) and an adaptation of Content Analysis (AC) proposed by Bardin (2003), in its thematic modality. The results were presented in two manuscripts, whose titles include: “The pregnant woman and the process of living with diabetes mellitus” and “The symbolic dimension of nutritional care prenatal care in diabetes”, each article responding to a specific objective of the study. The main results showed the diabetes in pregnancy as a landmark event for the women, whereas mainly the possible complications to the baby’s health and food restrictions imposed, and diabetes was recognized as disease of the discipline. The hostage condition of diabetes was reformulated by pregnant women from accessing and understanding of care. The nutritional care based on the Traditional Method or Carbohydrate Counting Method was understood as an opportunity to nutritional education, however, some pregnant women defended their right to eat at will. Weight loss was considered by some pregnant women as desirable, even going against the recommended by nutritionists. Pregnant women basically adopted the standard diet plan, using some of the food replacement list. Mentioned any dietary transgressions consented in small portions. Developed ability to read labels on food packaging favoring conscious food choices. Sugar accounted for a ban, including pregnant women followed by Carbohydrate Counting Method. Food containing sucrose were understood as less harmful to health when compared to the addition of sugar. The term floating adherence to nutritional care portrays the experience of women during pregnancy, the result of daily changes, even in the presence of a good nutritional monitoring and interest on the part of the pregnant woman. It was concluded that diabetes experience during pregnancy and prenatal nutritional care is unique to each woman and has multiple meanings able to influence the outcome of pregnancy. The nutritionist should then seek to understand the symbolic dimension of this condition in order to individualize the care and interact with – pregnant women holistically seeing it in addition to their clinical condition.
Keywords: PRENATAL CARE; DIET IN PREGNANCY; DIABETES MELLITUS; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.
Title: CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA DA JABUTICABA (MYRCIARIA JABOTICABA) E PROCESSAMENTO DE SEU SUCO POR ALTA PRESSÃO HIDROSTÁTICA
Author: Kim Ohanna Pimenta Inada
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/1/2014
Abstract: Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a native fruit of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Although it has important bioactive compounds and desirable sensory attributes, jabuticaba is highly perishable, limiting its commercial use. High hydrostatic pressure is a non-thermal food processing method which preserves the nutritional and sensory qualities normally lost during heating processes. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity (ORAC, TEAC and FRAP assays) and the contents of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins by spectrophotometric methods, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and tocopherols profile and ascorbic acid contents by high-performance liquid chromatography, the chemical and mineral composition of this fruit and its fractions (peel, pulp, seeds and residue). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds contents, microbiological activity and consumer acceptance of jabuticaba juice. Jabuticaba whole fruit, peel, seed and residue can be considered a source of dietary fibers (31.8 to 38.4%) and presented high antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds. Pulp, however, showed the highest contents of potassium, and can be considered source of manganese, copper and iron. Carotenoids and tocopherols were identified for the first time in jabuticaba and the results suggest that this fruit can be considered a moderate source of β-carotene (873.2 µg/100 g dry weight basis). Cyanidin-3-Oglucoside was the major phenolic compound in jabuticaba peel and residue, while in jabuticaba seed and pulp myricetin was predominant. Jabuticaba juices were pressurized at different pressure (200 and 500 MPa) and time conditions (5 and 10 minutes) with a central point (350 MPa for 7.5 minutes). Moderate pressurization conditions (350 MPa for 7.5 min) were adequate to ensure jabuticaba juice microbiological quality while maintaining bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activity with no differences in overall impression, appearance and texture, as well as purchase intent scores. Our results suggest that jabuticaba presents great commercialization potential due to its high nutritional quality and bioactive compounds contents and highlight the possible application of high hydrostatic pressure in the food industry as an alternative to thermal processing methods.
Keywords: Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, full factorial design, microbiological quality, sensory acceptance.
Title: MUDANÇAS TEMPORAIS NA PREVALÊNCIA DE COMPORTAMENTOS DE RISCO PARA TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES EM ADOLESCENTES RESIDENTES NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Danilo Dias Santana
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/1/2014
Abstract: Comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares, excesso de peso, adolescente.
Keywords: Risk behaviors for eating disorders, overweight, adolescent.
Title: QUALIDADE LIPÍDICA DOS ALIMENTOS CONSUMIDOS PELA POPULAÇÃO DA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL: DADOS DA PESQUISA DE ORÇAMENTOS FAMILIARES (POF) EM 2008-2009
Author: Henrique Rhamnusia De Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/29/2014
Abstract: Introduction: The Household Budget Survey (HBS) provides data on household food habit, which was prevalent in the consumption of processed foods in recent decades, usually high energy density derived from lipids and possible source of trans fatty acids (TFA). Lipid quality reflects the nutritional transition, which influenced the population obesity and is important for development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Because of this public health issue, the brazilian legislation requires state levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and AGT on food labels. It is known that the composition of fatty acids (FA) varies on dietary fat source. With the intake of essential fatty acids linoleic acid (ω-6) and alpha linolenic acid (ω-3), occurs conversion into long chain fatty acid, precursors of eicosanoids, which acts on the membranes, the inflammation, infection and modulation system immune. The ideal AG ω-6/ω-3 ratio is closer to 1:1, so a balance is necessary in these fat sources. Objectives: Determine moisture content, total fat, fatty acid composition and nutritional quality of processed food selected food from HBS data. Identify and quantify the different groups of AG by Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Evaluate the ω-6/ω-3 ratio and compare nutritional information described in labeling with values analyzed. Methods: The foods selected were the most consumed based on HBS 2008-2009. Acquisition was performed in 6 popular supermarkets located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. 2 commercial brands of 16 processed foods were chosen, totaling 32 products, obtaining three different lots containing 5 units of each food. 5 groups were defined: oils and fats; dairy products; meat products, biscuits and ready preparations. After homogenization, the samples were analyzed in duplicate for determining moisture, total fat and preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for evaluation of the composition of fatty acids on gas-liquid chromatograph. Results: In compliance with labeling: MQ margarine, ice cream SNK, wavy potatoes BOR, brands of straw potatoes, corn chips, toasted manioc flour and all foods from meat group. Noncompliance: mozzarella cheese QMT, minas padrão cheese QPBP and brands of butter and hamburguer, with more than 0,2g AGT per portion. Cheese QMPS not declared trans on the label and turkey breast PPSE informs absence of saturated fat, both present in the analyzes. Declaration of non-mandatory items and contents per 100g on the label was found in some brands, being positive for elucidation of the consumer. Dairy products show high levels SFA, with unsaturated AG predominating in other foods, usually with high content of ω-6 AG. Milkfat shown more favorable profile of ω-6/ω-3, close to 1:1; being the most unfavorable ratio of straw potatoes BPV, 101:1. Most foods indicated high caloric content from the lipids, above 80 kcal for sausage LPP, straw potatoes BPEC, cheese QPBP and brands of wavy potatoes. Conclusion: The choice of ingredients is relevant in the fatty acid profile and lipid quality. Most foods reported absence of AGT, but were identified in the analysis, the contents above 0,2g per portion. Dairy products have natural trans, and legislation does not differentiate those with industrial origin. Caloric content from lipids and ω-6/ω-3 ratio were high for most products, with lipid profile and quality between different between brands because some ingredients in the composition, being verified use of alternative sources, such as interesterified fat. Lipid source is not always described on labels, and serving size is not simple for compreension, indicating values of measurement impractical to consumers. Analysis by GLC allowed accurately identify AG in food and lipid source.
Keywords: processed foods, trans fatty acids, nutritional labeling
Title: CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS NÃO ALCOÓLICAS E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM ADOLESCENTES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS E PRIVADAS DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Raissa Resende Fernandes
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/28/2014
Abstract: The consumption of soft drinks has increased over time, especially among teenagers, being associated with various health problems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages (sodas, fruit juices, processed fruit drinks, tea/matte, coffee, milk, and guarana-based soft drink), describing the factors associated with this consumption and the correlation between the consumption of different beverages. Data came from the baseline of the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Nutrition Assessment (ELANA). Adolescents from sixth (elementary school) and tenth years (high school) from two public schools and four private schools in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area were investigated. We evaluated the association between independent variables (sociodemographic, economic, lifestyle, habits, meals and markers of diet quality) and the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages. It was analyzed the correlation between daily frequency of non-alcoholic beverages consumption, adjusted by total caloric intake. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association (odds ratio [OR] and confidence interval of 95% [95% CI]) between independent variables and the frequency of consumption of each beverage (dependent variable). All models were adjusted for sex and age, being included in each model all variables with p-value
Keywords: adolescents, soft drinks, sugar sweetened beverages, lifestyle, diet quality.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE VITAMINA A E SUA RELAÇÃO COM COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL EM ADOLESCENTES
Author: Juliana Agricola De Queiroz
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/28/2014
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: DIETA HIPERPROTEICA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO GASTO ENERGÉTICO, PERDA DE PESO, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E MARCADORES METABÓLICOS EM HOMENS OBESOS
Author: Anna Lucia Andrade Santos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/28/2014
Abstract: Increased dietary protein can cause reduction in body mass and the maintenance of fat free mass (FFM), as a strategy in adiposity control, although there is still controversy regarding the diet composition and their effects on obesity and its complications. The aim of the study was evaluating the influence of high-protein and hypocaloric diet on energy expenditure (EE), body mass, body composition, glycemia, lipemia and function and injury marker‟s of kidney and liver in obese men. This is a randomized clinical trial, by intervention, crossover, single-blind, with washout period of 1 week, in which 6 men diagnosed with obesity were submitted, at different times during the research, for two dietary interventions, both hypocaloric, high animal protein (exceeding 20% of total energy intake) or normoprotein (15% of total energy intake). The EE was evaluated before and after each intervention, by open-circuit of indirect calorimetry (IC), laboratory, anthropometric and body composition variables, as well as dietary intake and physical activity level. There was reduction of MC and FFM (kg) after normoprotein intervention and waist circumference (WC) was reduced in both interventions. The dietary pattern high-protein consumed by volunteers did not change glycemia, lipid profile and function and injury markers‟ of kidney and liver in obese men.
Keywords: obesity, high-protein diet, body composition, energy expenditure, glycemia, lipemia, renal function and liver function.
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DA INGESTÃO DE FRUTOSE E GLICOSE NA HOMEOSTASE GLICÊMICA, TRIGLICERIDEMIA, LEPTINEMIA, GLUCAGONEMIA E SENSAÇÕES RELACIONADAS COM A INGESTÃO ALIMENTAR EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1
Author: Erika Dos Santos Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/27/2014
Abstract: Introduction: Individuals with diabetes have reported innate preference for sweet foods, considering fructose widely used by the food industry to induce lower postprandial glucose concentrations, when compared to glucose. However, its excessive intake can cause lipemic changes. The study has aimed to evaluate, acutely, the influence of fructose and glucose intakes in blood glucose, triglycerides, leptin, glucagon and sensations related to food intake, in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: This is a simple blind clinical trial, randomized design in crossover and washout period ranging from 1 to 5 weeks, which has evaluated 11 adult volunteers, diagnosed with DM1, patients of Nutrology clinic of University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho. After eight hours overnight fasting, subjects underwent assessment of capilary blood glucose, anthropometric, sensations related to food intake and blood sampling for assessment of glycemia, lipemia, leptin and glucagon. Subsequently, they received 200mL solutions of water and 75g of fructose (F) or glucose (G) crystallines. The sensations associated with food intake and capilary blood glucose were evaluated in different postprandial times and, after 180 minutes, we proceeded to collect blood for laboratory evaluation. Results: Blood glucose has increased after the intake of both solutions, where G was the most influential. None of the solutions has provided the increase of triglycerides. Furthermore, G intake has resulted in greater fullness, which can be explained by the blood glucose curve with a steeper rise than the curve F. Both solutions have reduced leptin levels and only F has increased glucagon, with no difference between solutions. Conclusion: It is possible to have F as the best sweetener for use in individuals with DM1, by providing a smaller increase in blood glucose with no changes for triglycerides and satiety. The increase of glucagon in F could influence the glycemic control, therefore other studies are needed in order to confirm this relation, especially in the long term, so that their use becomes really reliable.
Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, fructose, glucose, glycemia, triglyceridemia, leptin, glucagon, food intake
Title: SEMENTE DE LINHAÇA (“LINUM USITATISSIMUM”) COMO FONTE DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS POLI-INSATURADOS N-3 EM MODELO EXPERIMENTAL DE HIPÓXIA-ISQUEMIA PERINATAL
Author: Daniela De Barros Mucci
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/27/2014
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: MICROENCAPSULAMENTO DE SULFATO FERROSO: APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO EM UMA PREPARAÇÃO TÍPICA BRASILEIRA
Author: Bruna Soares Ferreira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/13/2014
Abstract: Food fortification has been seen as a practical and best value approach in the medium and long term, to control iron deficiency in Brazil and Worldwide. And it is in this perspective that the technique of microencapsulation of micronutrients is consolidating as a promising alternative, since, in addition to promoting the possible masking undesirable flavors from the encapsulated material, this core also protects against attacks from outside, increasing their time viability and shelf consumption. Microparticles of iron sulfate have been developed in a previous study, however, the time consuming process of production could make it costly for marketing purposes. The objective of this work was to improve the production of ferrous sulfate microparticles by spray drying, using vegetable protein as the encapsulating matrix as well as to characterize it and evaluate it sensorially. Besides the improvement of the production process, with substitutions of two steps by appertization, the micropaticles were evaluated for yield, morphology, size distribution, the core interaction with the encapsulating matrix, chemical composition, content of iron by Xray fluorescence and atomic absorption, in addition to microbiological analysis, in which yeasts and molds, mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, fecal coliforms, Salmonella Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The microparticles were also analyzed sensorially by 113 untrained panelists using a typical Brazilian preparation (cooked black beans) as a vehicle. The multiple comparison test, using a control sample without the addition of microparticles, the test of acceptability for the attributes color, texture, taste and overall appearance, having also been calculated the Acceptability Index and perception test for bitter and metallic flavors were performed with different concentrations of iron (1, 3 to 6% of RDI for adults). For all tests structured 9-point scales were used. The samples were provided in full, balanced randomized blocks. The data obtained by chemical analysis were treated with descriptive statistics. The data obtained in the sensory analysis were statistically analyzed by ANOVA one-way. The averages of the discriminatory test were subjected to medium Dunnet test, and the test of acceptability and perception were evaluated by Tukey test, both at the 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). The adaptation of the production process was successful and generated microparticles yield (28%) and morphology (spherical with invaginations and agglomerations) similar to the previous process. The size distribution analysis showed that the microparticles have a median distribution (D (0.5)) equal to 11.45 µm and FT-IR analysis showed no chemical change resulting from the chemical interaction of molecules of the wall material and iron during the drying process. The chemical composition was found to be 5.15% of moisture, 8.77% of fixed mineral residue, 67.51% of protein, 1.91% of lipid and 16.67% of carbohydrate. 1.3% of iron were found in the microparticle, representing a retention of 66% of the active material. The results of microbiological analysis showed that the process was efficient for microparticles with appropriate microbiological standard. The samples with the lowest concentrations of iron (A and B) were the best ratings for all respects, but the sample with the greater amount of iron (C), in the acceptability test, was evaluated with average of notes up to 6 almost all attributes except flavor, being evaluated in this regard with the average 5, equivalent to “not liked nor disliked”. The metallic taste was sensed slightly more than the bitter taste in all samples. Still, the fortification of cooked black beans with microparticles of iron is feasible and may be an adjunct in the management of iron deficiency, but there is a need of studies on the bioavailability of iron in the microparticles.
Keywords: Microencapsulation, spray drying, pea protein concentrate, ferrous sulfate, fortification, Phaseolus vulgaris, sensory analysis.
Title: FATORES ASSOCIADOS À INSATISFAÇÃO COM A IMAGEM CORPORAL EM ADOLESCENTES PARTICIPANTES DO ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL DE AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE ADOLESCENTES- ELANA
Author: Giulia Xavier De Carvalho
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/25/2014
Abstract: Recently, the cult of the body has been intensified in several places, including Brazil and the expectation of the people to achieve the standards of beauty, often unrealistic, generates dissatisfaction with body image and may lead to harmful behaviors to health. In this context, adolescence is the age group that need special attention because in this fase occurs important bodily transformations and the adolescents are more vulnerable to pressures to have a beautiful body and accepted by their peers. Thus, is important to investigate the factors that may be associated with body dissatisfaction, to identify subgroups of higher risk for problem. The present study aims to examine associations between dissatisfaction with body image and socioeconomic, physical, anthropometric, lifestyle factors and the occurrence of teasing body-related in adolescents. This cross-sectional and exploratory study, which analyzed data of baseline from high school participants from longitudinal study of nutritional assessment of adolescents (Estudo Longitudinal de Avaliação Nutricional de Adolescentes-ELANA) performed in two public schools and four private schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Dissatisfaction with body image was evaluated using the Scale Silhouettes Body by difference between the self-image assessed as the current and the image that the adolescent would like to have. The associations were assessed by bivariate analysis and multivariate by hierarchical logistic regression polynomial model estimating odds ratios (OR) with confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI). Were evaluated 1019 adolescents aged 13-19 years, among them (75,1%) showed dissatisfaction with body image, (41,4%) wanted a smaller silhouette and (33,7%) wanted a larger silhouette that self-perceived. Presented a chance to the desire for a smaller silhouette, the girls (OR 2,61 CI95% 1,79-3,81; p
Keywords: Adolescent, Body image, body dissatisfaction
Title: CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS FONTE PARA A INGESTÃO DIETÉTICA HABITUAL ESTIMADA DE METILXANTINAS NO BRASIL E NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Juliana De Paula Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/9/2014
Abstract: Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline are chemical compounds known as methylxanthines. Coffee, tea, mate, cocoa and guarana seeds are some of the main food sources of these compounds. They are the most consumed stimulant substances worldwide, exerting important effects on human central nervous system, increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. Many studies have linked the consumption of foods rich in methylxanthines with medicinal properties, which have been attributed to these substances and to the polyphenols contained in such foods. Coffee is the primary source of caffeine among foods and due to its psychoactive effects, there has been prejudice against its use, even though other foods containing caffeine, such as tea, chocolate and soft drinks are often highly consumed by the general population. The objectives of this dissertation study were to evaluate the levels of methylxanthines in the most commonly consumed food sources in Brazil and to estimate their contribution to the daily dietary intake of methylxanthines so that consumer education strategies can be developed. Analyses of 215 samples of commercial food sources of methylxanthines were performed using HPLC-DAD-reverse phase. To assess the consumption of methylxanthines, data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (2008-2009) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) was used. Additionally, a questionnaire evaluating the frequency of methylxanthines food sources consumption was applied to a 2120 people sample living in Rio de Janeiro in order to evaluate the contribution of foods to methylxanthines intake in a specific urban area. Caffeine was the only methylxanthine detected in all evaluated food samples; theobromine was identified in samples of green and roasted mate, cocoa derivatives, cola soft drinks, guarana soft drinks and energy drinks; theophylline was only identified in samples derived from cocoa. Regarding the mean contents of these substances in food, soluble coffee drink presented the highest levels of caffeine (269.0 ± 11.7 mg/100mL) while guarana soft drink, the lowest (0.4 ± 0.1 mg/100mL). Dark chocolate presented the highest mean contents of theobromine and theophylline (mg/100g) (1036.8±136.4 and 7.8±2.1 mg/100mL, respectively). Regarding the estimated consumption of methylxanthines based on data from the national consumption survey, as expected, coffee contributed the most to Brazilians intake of methylxanthines, about 84% of daily consumption. Elderly people were the main consumers of methylxanthines (about 151mg/day). On the geographical regions of Brazil, because of high mate tea and coffee consumption, the South region consumed more methylxanthines (about 167mg/day). Data collected in Rio de Janeiro survey showed that a variety of stimulating foods are considerably consumed daily by all groups investigated, and their contribution to total consumption of methylxanthines varied according to age groups. Milk chocolate (18.5%) and industrial mate tea (9.65) were the main contributor to methylxanthines intake in women; in man, were plain coffee (17.8%) and energy drinks (9.0%). Among childrens, milk chocolatey drink (19.3%, 21.6%) and cola soft drinks (12.6%, 9.6%) were the main contributor to total intake of methylxanthines among female and male children, respectively. Among female teenagers, milk chocolate (19.1%), cola soft drink (11.2%) and milk chocolatey drink (8.1%) and among male teenagers, milk chocolate (16.9%), cola soft drink (12.4%) and energy drinks (8.6%) were the main contributor to total intake of methylxanthines. About elderly people, the traditional caffeine sources, as coffee, had greater contribution; plain coffee (18.4% and 16.8%) and coffee with milk (14.8% and 13.5%) were the foods that contributed most to the total consumption of methylxanthines of female and male elderly, respectively. Can be estimated from the data obtained with the questionnaires that male adults was the group that more consumed methylxanthines (272 ± 53.2mg /day) and caffeine ( 190.8 ± 63.7mg / day), while children of both sexes was smaller consumer of methylxanthines (213.3 ± 83.5mg /day) and caffeine ( 115.7 ± 2.3mg / day). On the other hand, this same group was the largest consumer of theobromine. It emphasizes the importance of publicizing the population the considerable contribution of different stimulant foods to the total intake of methylxanthines, especially in relation to children.
Keywords: methylxanthines, caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, coffee, tea, mate, cocoa.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DAS ROTINAS PERIOPERATÓRIAS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A RECUPERAÇÃO PÓS-OPERATÓRIA EM PACIENTES COM TUMORES GINECOLÓGICOS DO INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CÂNCER JOSÉ ALENCAR GOMES DA SILVA
Author: Daiane Spitz De Souza
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/3/2014
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the perioperative routine care of patients undergoing abdominal surgery for the treatment of gynecological tumors and correlate with complications in the postoperative period. Methods: 91 women with tumor of the cervix, ovary or endometrium, undergoing abdominal surgery were prospectively followed since the preoperative period until discharge. Routine perioperative data, like the use or type of bowel preparation, time of fasting, refeeding in the postoperative period, anesthetic technique, use of opioids and intravenous (IV) hydration were collected. The outcomes observed were: nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension, date of the first elimination of flatus and bowel movement, date of oral diet, changes in consistency, surgical site infection and length of hospital stay (LHS) in the postoperative period. The diagnosis of the nutritional status was performed using the Body Mass Index. In the analyzes, a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The median time of preoperative fasting was 11.4 hours. The duration of preoperative fasting , the use of opioids in the intraoperative period and anesthetic technique were not associated with postoperative digestive complications (p> 0,05). There were no surgical site infection until hospital discharge. The beginning of the diet occurred predominantly on 1st postoperative day (POD) (72 %), about 80 % of patients eliminated flatus in the 1st or 2ndPOD and more than half had discharged without having evacuated, this occurring predominantly in the 3stPOD. Digestive complications vii occurred in 46.2% of patients, regardless of nutritional status (p=0.152) and the date of the beginning of the diet (p=0.715). The consistency of the beginning of the diet was not related to frequency of digestive complications (p>0.05) and 50.5% progressed to diet soft consistency in the 2ndPOD. A significant reduction in length of hospital stay in patients who started the diet on the 1stPOD when compared to the 2ndPOD (p=0.011) was found. The mechanical bowel preparation with mannitol resulted in higher IV hydration intraoperatively (p=0.005), and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of nausea in the immediate postoperative period (p=0.046). Patients who reported nausea in the immediate postoperative period also received significantly more intraoperative colloid (p=0.049). The median overall IV hydration and crystalloid were significantly higher in patients who presented with abdominal distension on the 1st and 2 ndPOD. A significant association between the administration of fluids above 10mL/Kg/h with the occurrence of abdominal distension on the 2ndPOD (p=0.036) was found. When considering the cutoff of 30ml/kg and opioids in the postoperative period, we found a statistically significant association with digestive complications (p< 0.05). According to the ROC curve , fluid loading able to determine a longer hospital stay postoperatively was four liters . Conclusion: The mechanical bowel preparation, excessive IV hydration intra and postoperative, as well as prescription of opioids in the postoperative period are factors that seem to be related to the increase of digestive complications in this population. Early feeding and rational use of IV hydration are important strategies for reducing the LHS.
Keywords: surgery, gynecology, neoplasms, fluid therapy, perioperative care.
Title: EFEITO DO ÓLEO DE COCO NA REGULAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, LIPEMIA, GLICEMIA E GASTO ENERGÉTICO EM HOMENS OBESOS
Author: Barbara Maria Da Cunha Regis
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/27/2014
Abstract: The quality of fats in the diet can influence variables related to obesity and comorbidities, representing a possible alternative in the control of these diseases, which cause important impact on public health. Extra virgin coconut oil is a source of medium-chain triglycerides and it has been considered in the treatment of obesity and its complications. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of this oil in the regulation of body composition, lipemia, glycemia, and energy expenditure in obese men. This is an intervention, randomized and single-blind study conducted with 26 men, randomly separated into two groups that received nutritional guidelines for 60 days and 15 mL supplement of extra virgin coconut oil (Group 1, n=14) or soybean oil (Group 2, n=12). Anthropometric and laboratorial variables, as well as energy expenditure, were assessed after a 12-hour fast, before and after 60-day intervention. The two groups reduced waist circumference and fat mass, and increased fat free mass; however, only group 1 reduced body mass, but no difference between groups. There was no influence of extra virgin coconut oil on energy expenditure, glycemia and lipemia. The dietary intake of the groups was hypocaloric and hyperlipidic. Coconut oil, in association with nutritional guidelines aiming for a hypocaloric intake seems able to reduce body mass without glycemic and lipemic changes, however additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
Keywords: Obesity. Coconut oil. Medium-chain triglycerides. Body composition. Glycemia. Lipemia.
Title: ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE VITAMINA D EM GESTANTES PREVIAMENTE SUBMETIDAS À GASTROPLASTIA REDUTORA COM RECONSTITUIÇÃO EM Y DE ROUX
Author: Marina Carneiro Da Silva Medeiros
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/26/2014
Abstract: Introduction: Post-bariatric pregnancy is the association of two conditions that can propitiate the development of nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin D deficiency, which has implications on the emergence of a series of adverse effects for the mother-child group. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D and its relation with ionic calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), maternal anthropometry and perinatal outcome in pregnant women submitted prior to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Methods: A longitudinal and prospective study was conducted from March 2010 to July 2013 with 46 adult pregnant women (> 20 years) who underwent RYGB before pregnancy. The patients received daily oral supplementation with 850 mg of calcium carbonate and 600 IU of vitamin D3. Serum concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium and PTH per gestational quarter were evaluated. The status of vitamin D was classified in deficiency (≤ 20 ng/mL), insufficiency (≥ 21 and < 29 ng/mL) and appropriate (≥ 30 and 100 ng/mL). Data were collected on maternal anthropometry, gestational intercurrences, type of birth delivery and perinatal outcome. Results: The average age of pregnant women was 30.57 ± 4.59 years. Vitamin D deficiency was 30.4% in the first quarter, 19.6% in the second quarter, and 39.1% in the third quarter and the percentage of inadequacy (deficiency + insufficiency) was above 70% throughout the overall gestational period. The inadequacy of calcium was 15.2% in the 1st and 2nd quarters and 20% in the third quarter, while inadequacy of PTH was 19.6%, 30.4% and 32.6% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarters, respectively. On the 2nd and 3rd quarter, significant differences between the concentrations of 25(OH)D (p=0.036) and a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of calcium and PTH were observed. It was found an association of the 25(OH)D with urinary tract infection (p=0.05), but not with calcium, PTH, maternal anthropometry, type of birth delivery and weight and gestational age at birth. Conclusion: Post-RYGB pregnant women had high serum concentration inadequacy of 25(OH)D during pregnancy and it was not observed an association between vitamin D status and the study variables. Despite the fact that high rates of vitamin inadequacy have not adversely affected perinatal outcome, their possible influence on unfavorable future events to infants should not be excluded.
Keywords:
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL DE COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS E VOLÁTEIS NA FARINHA DE GOIABA VERMELHA E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PÃES COM POTENCIAL FUNCIONAL.
Author: Mabel Gomes Dias Lago
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/25/2014
Abstract:
Keywords:
Title: MICROENCAPSULAMENTO DO SUCO DE CAJU (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE, L.) POR SPRAY DRYING, ANÁLISE DOS COMPOSTOS ANTIOXIDANTES E ESTABILIDADE
Author: Paola Daianne Da Silva Maia
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/21/2014
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the microencapsulation of raw cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple juice using spray drying and different encapsulating matrices (EM), such as maltodextrin (M), capsul (C) and maltodextrin (M)/capsul (C) at varied ratios, with different total solids (TS) contents (10% and 15%). Microparticles were evaluated as to the percent of ascorbic acid retention, total polyphenols, moisture content, yield, solubility, particle size and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All microparticles showed 100% solubility. The best results were given by microparticles with the highest total solids content (15%) and composed of associated (M) and (C) encapsulating matrices. When comparison is made between capsul and maltodextrin as to the individual use of either as an encapsulating matrix, capsul demonstrated the best results. Microparticles with (50:50) % M:C (15% TS) and (40:60) % M:C (15% TS) presented the best results as to ascorbic acid retention, total polyphenols, and good physical properties, hence revealing potential in developing products of relevance to human health. The microparticles formulated with (60-40) % C:M, 100 M and 100% C, 15% of ST, were selected for the stability study. The microparticles were stored for 90 days at room temperature (22 °C) and protected from light. The microparticles were characterized in terms of percentage retention of ascorbic acid in four times: t0 (control), t15, t30, t60 and t90 after its production. The percentage reduction of ascorbic acid in the microparticles was only significant in time 90th day of storage.
Keywords: Cashew apple, maltodextrin, Capsul®, Antioxidante activity, ascorbic acid, Microencapsulation, spray drying, powder fruit juices, tropical fruits
Title: ENCAPSULAMENTO DE ÁCIDO LINOLEICO CONJUGADO (CLA) POR SPRAY-DRYING
Author: Andre Mesquita Magalhaes Costa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/11/2014
Abstract: Microencapsulation of CLA could be employed to increase the stability of the nutrient and in the enrichment of food, aiming at health promotion. The microencapsulation process is strongly affected by the composition of the wall system (WS). Although there are several established wall materials (WM), the search for new materials with distinct functionalities is intense. The objective of this work was to investigate the use of pea protein isolated (PPI) or concentrate (PPC), alone or combined with maltodextrin (M) or caboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as WS for microencapsulation of CLA. CLA was microencapsulated by spray-drying in 10 different feed emulsions with a total solid concentration of 8.6%, except the ones containing CMC (3.7%). WS components and core:WS ratios varied in the formulations, as follows: 1) CLA:PPI (1:2); 2) CLA:PPC (1:2); 3) CLA:PPI (1:3); 4) CLA:PPC (1:3); 5) CLA:PPI (1:4), 6) CLA:PPC (1:4); 7) CLA:M:PPI (1:1:3); 8) CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3); 9) CLA:CMC:PPI (1:1:3); and 10) CLA:CMC:PPC (1:1:3). Physical-chemical properties of the CLA microparticles were characterized by CLA retention, by GC, microencapsulation efficiency (ME), particle size (laser diffraction) and moisture content. All microparticles had satisfactory values of CLA retention and moisture content. CLA microparticles coated with PPC had better ME values, the addition of carbohydrate in the WS improved the ME values, however the CMC addition increased the size variation of the PPI and PPC microparticles. CLA:PPC (1:4) and CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) showed the most promising results and were further characterized (infrared absorption spectrometry, thermal stability, differential scanning calorimetry, solubility, dispersibility and morphology) and their oxidative stability during two months of storage at room temperature was evaluated by CLA isomer profile and quantification of CLA and volatile compounds. CLA microencapsulation did not modify the thermal stability of the core. CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) microparticles did not present a rough surface topography, agglomeration problems and particles varying greatly in size. They also showed better solubility, dispersibility and higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. CLA isomer profile and CLA quantification did not fluctuate during the stability test in the two formulations. Among the volatile compounds identified, heptanal was considered a marker of CLA oxidation and its concentrations increased up to 30 days and stabilized thereafter in the two types of microparticles during the stability test. Thus the microencapsulation process utilizing pea proteins as WM was able to keep the CLA stable for two months at room temperature. Although the addition of M did not influence the oxidative stability of CLA, it improved physical-chemical characteristics of the microparticles that could enable its addition in food. Besides, the results in this work showed a new application of pea protein, a natural, low cost, sustainable and hypoallergenic WM.
Keywords: CLA, MICROENCAPSULATION, SPRAY-DRYING, PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE, MALTODEXTRIN, CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE, LIPID OXIDATION.
Title: PERFIL LIPÍDICO SÉRICO E SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS EM UM SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Marcella Martins Alves Teofilo
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/27/2014
Abstract: Background: Serum lipids have been associated with depression in adult population; however during pregnancy this association is unclear. Objective: To evaluate the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms scores during pregnancy. Method: A prospective cohort of 238 pregnant women was followed at 5th-13th, 20th-26th and 30th-36th weeks of gestation. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Serum concentrations (mg/dL) of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high-density lipoproteins (LDL-c; HDL-c) were the main exposures. Marital status (married/single), physical activity (active or very active/low or very low active), unplanned pregnancy (no/yes), pre-pregnancy BMI (
Keywords: Depression, Lipids, Cohort studies, Pregnancy, Mental Health
Title: PROMOÇÃO DE ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL ENTRE ATLETAS ADOLESCENTES EM UM CENTRO DE TREINAMENTO DE PENTATLO MODERNO NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Elisa Mello Feital
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/24/2014
Abstract: Nowadays, we find a larger number of athletes training in the olympic villages around Rio de Janeiro. The Modern Pentathlon is a sport that envolves five differents modalities: fencing, freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a final combined event of pistol hooting and cross country run. It demands long training periods and, as a result, the athletes usually have a snack in places next to the sport facilities. Because of this it is necessary that those places offer meals with enough quality to improve the consumption of healthy food for this public. This paperwork aims to promote healthy food among adolescents athletes of Modern Pentathlon, providing balanced snacks in the canteen training center. 30 adolescents athletes of both sexes with mean age 15 ± 3,17 years, weight 56,7 ± 10,60 Kg and height of 166,1 ± 0,10 cm were studied. The development of this research was given by the identification of the nutritional quality and purchase of the food eating in the canteen by the athletes; elaboration and implementation of healthy snacks on the menu; comparison of the snacks prices and how the preparations were accepted through the application on sensorial analysis: Facial Hedonic Scale and a multiple comparison test; analysis and comparison of food intake and meals by the methods 24-hour dietary recall, three-day food records and food frequency questionnaire. The results of the cost values and sensory analysis revealed that it is possible to implement menus for snacks with fruits and vegetables in the canteen because they had an affordable cost and a good acceptance. The food consumption of energy and macronutrients of the pentathletes kept suitable during all the study, however, the consumption of micronutrients, was below the recommended values. By offering healthy snacks, athletes began to take appropriate food portions in the training and increased the consumption of fruit and vegetables. It is extremely important to offer healthy snacks in the daily routine of athletes and essential the presence of a nutritionist in monitoring the preparation and formulation of these preparations. Finally, it is essential to the role and awareness of parents to offer these foods at home.
Keywords: modern pentathlon, food consumption, adolescents, athletes, healthy food.
Title: REPERCUSSÕES DO CONSUMO PROLONGADO DE FRUTOSE SOBRE O EFEITO ANOREXÍGENO CENTRAL DA INSULINA
Author: Viviane Wagner Ramos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/21/2014
Abstract: The increasing in prevalence of obesity in the world coincides with increasing of fructose intake by the population, conveyed mainly soft drinks. The consumption of this carbohydrate is associated with metabolic disorders that can compromise the central nervous system. Insulin acts in the hypothalamus inhibiting food intake, and in view of the scientific evidence linking the consumption of carbohydrate to damage the systems that regulate food intake, we hypothesized that consumption of fructose during 8 weeks is able to change hypothalamic anorexigenic action of insulin and the contribution of this sugar in the development of obesity. For this, Wistar rats at 30 days old were divided into control (C) and fructose (F) groups. Both groups were treated with free access to commercial chow and water (C) or 20% fructose solution (F). During this period, the 24h food and liquid intake were evaluated, as the energy and body mass gain. At 90 days old, we analyzed the hypothalamic response to insulin infusion, the content of the insulin receptor (IR), the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS -1) and phosphorylated forms of the IR ( IR – p ) and Akt (p -Akt ) protein. We found that there was no significant difference in body mass between groups. However, the food intake of the fructose group was lower, but it showed higher energy consumption in most weeks. Unlike group C, F rats did not respond to central anorexigenic action of insulin, and had higher hypothalamic levels of IR, IRS-1 and p-Akt proteins. The results support the hypothesis that chronic treatment with a solution of 20% fructose is able to modify the hypothalamic anorexigenic action of insulin in rats, but the increase in the levels of important proteins in insulin pathway suggests a compensatory adjustment in order to maintain satisfactory functionality and activity of the cascade, which has not been supported by the content of p-IR, which seems to contribute somewhat limited activity in the pathway, the insulin deficient in the hypothalamus promoted by the action of fructose consumption.
Keywords: fructose, insulin signaling, hypothalamus, food intake, insulin receptor, pAkt.
Title: IMPACTO DA INTERVENÇÃO NUTRICIONAL PELO MÉTODO DA CONTAGEM DE CARBOIDRATOS EM COMPARAÇÃO AO MÉTODO TRADICIONAL SOBRE OS DESFECHOS PERINATAIS EM GESTANTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS PRÉVIO À GESTAÇÃO E FATORES PREDITIVOS DO PESO AO NASCER DOS FILHOS DESTAS GEST
Author: Larissa Mello De Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/11/2014
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary intervention using carbohydrate counting method (MCC) in comparison to the traditional method (MT) on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) pregestational (DM type 1, DM type 2 and other specific types of DM), in addition to identifying the predictive factors of these mothers’ sons birth weight. It is an analytical study, not randomized controlled clinical assay type, and carried through with 74 pregnant women with DM previous to the pregnancy that had received the first consultation with nutritionist before the twenty-eighth gestational week. The population of the study was constituted by two groups, constructed for convenience, which had received the nutritional therapy (TN) by means of two distinct methods of dietary guidance: group 1 – G1 (n=36) was the historical control group followed by the nutritionists of the studied maternity and that received the TN by means of MT and group 2 – G2 (n=38) that received the nutritional intervention using MCC. All of them had received individualized TN and had been followed by the prenatal multiprofessional team specialized in DM, composed of obstetrician, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, nutritionist and nurse and other professionals such as psychologists, social assistants and physiotherapists when necessary. The pregnant women of both groups had similar characteristics in baseline, the only differential among them was the method of dietary guidance and the averages of the variables: maternal age (p=0,013) and pregestational body mass index (IMC) (p=0,009), that had been higher in G2. These differences were controlled in the analysis. In the evaluation of the impact of dietary guidance tested methods, it was verified that the possibility of occurrence of the expected outcomes in the study had been similar between the groups: inadequacy of gestational weight gain (Odds ratio – OR =1,184 IC 95%=0,455-3,083), surgical delivery (OR=3,556 IC 95%= 0,874- 14,468), presence of gestational complications (OR=1,071 IC 95% = 0,354-3,242) and in the newborn (OR= 2.261 IC 95% =0,601-8,505), apart from the birth conditions: preterm delivery (OR=1,731 IC 95% = 0,543-5,515); fetal macrosomia (OR=1,163 IC 95% = 0,321-4,204) and infant large of gestational age- LGA (OR=1,000 IC 95%=0,328-3,052). The risk of losing glycemic control was 14,0 times higher in G2 (OR=14,0 IC 95% =1,601-122,334) in the first gestational trimester, presenting no difference in second and third trimester (p>0,05). The average of 1h postprandial glycemia in 2nd trimester was significantly higher in G2 (p=0,036), presenting no difference between the groups in the other trimesters (p>0,05). The predictor variables of the birth weight had been: maternal age in delivery (ß= -41,038; p
Keywords: nutritional therapy. prenatal care. diabetes mellitus. pregnancy. perinatal outcomes. birth weight.
Title: PROTEÍNA C-REATIVA (PCR) COMO MARCADOR DE RISCO PARA O NASCIMENTO PRÉ-TERMO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA E METANÁLISE
Author: Raquel Franca Claro
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/16/2013
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the association between concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in pregnancy and the occurrence of preterm birth (PTB). Methods: This is a systematic literature review (SLR), followed by meta-analysis, whose articles were identified through electronic databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. The odds ratio (OR) [confidence interval (CI) of 95 %] was the summary measure used. The analyzes were performed as distinguished from CRP samples evaluated in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. The quality assessment was performed using an instrument specifically developed for the study and adapted based on the recommendations of Cochrane. Heterogeneity was investigated by means of statistics and I2 and Q. Results: Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis and sixteen in the SLR. The OR between CRP in 4.886 controls and in 780 women who had PTB was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.28-2.76; Q: 40.46; I2 :75.3%) for PCR evaluated in maternal blood (serum / plasma). For samples of amniotic fluid, the observed OR was 4.91 (95% CI: 1.87 to 12.85, Q: 9.27, I2 : 56.9%) for a sample of 697 controls and 74 cases PTB. Heterogeneity between studies was high (Q= 55.76, I2 =73.1%), but was minimized when the articles of influence were excluded from the analyzes. Conclusion: This study suggests that women with elevated CRP levels in pregnancy are at risk for increasing the PTB. Studies that consider the longitudinal assessment of CRP in pregnancy and high quality are required to try to corroborate the association between CRP and PTB.
Keywords: C-reactive protein – analysis, preterm birth, pregnant, meta-analysis
Title: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PRODUTO ALIMENTÍCIO PARA ATLETAS RICO EM PROTEÍNA DE ERVILHA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) E CARBOIDRATOS.
Author: Renata Baratta Dos Passos
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/13/2013
Abstract: The present study aims to develop a food product that is rich in pea protein (Pisum sativum), obtained through a pea protein concentrate (PPC), and carbohydrates. The research is guided by the need to replace nutrients in athletes during intense physical activity. Pea is a good alternative source of protein because has a high amount of nutrients and is a product cheaper than the protein from an animal source. The PPC from three different brands were obtained and characterized by physical/chemical measures and after that the nutritional value was determinate. The PPC 3 was selected to develop a food product for athletes because has high protein content and favorable sensory characteristics. After the selection, the physical/chemical composition, nutritional value and the viscosity of the product were determinate. Subsequently the product was tested by a sensory analysis for acceptance and purchase intent, being compared to a commercial gel product with whey protein (from animal source) in its composition. The food product made with pea protein shows an acceptability index over 70% for three of the six sensory attributes tested. The result shows that the product has a good acceptance between the panelists. However the intention of purchase has generated doubt between 50% of the panelists, showing that there are parameters to be enhanced to improve the acceptance of the product. The use of pea to develop a food product for athletes is a good alternative to protein from an animal source. The pea protein is a source cheaper and has high amounts of nutrients in its composition.
Keywords: Protein, Pea, Gel, Pisum sativum, Athletes.
Title: ANÁLISE DO CARDÁPIO, DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS E DA CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE: FOCO EM UMA PREPARAÇÃO DE BRÓCOLIS (BRASSICA OLERACEA ITALICA) OBTIDA EM UMA UNIDADE DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO HOSPITALAR
Author: Bianca Freitas Sermarini
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 12/11/2013
Abstract: Epidemiological and experimentals studies are demonstrating an inverse relationship between the consumption of vegetables and the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the menu, quantify glucosinolates and its hydrolysis products and antioxidant capacity of plant extract of broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) obtained from the production process of hospital’s meals. The analysis of the frequency of preparations was performed according to the method of assessing the quality of the preparation of the menu (defined as AQPC). The one month menu hospital meals was verified the presence of 100% of vegetables in all 28 days, in which was identified a high incidence of Brassicas, corresponding to 45 preparations on the menu, so on preparations containing broccoli apperead six times. The sample collection was done at a hospital unit performed for the harvest and inter-harvest periods in all steps of the productive process, from storage until the distribution of the meals to the patients. The vegetable extract of broccoli obtained from all productive process was utilized for quantification of soluble and hydrolysable polyphenols analysed by spectrophotometry, for antioxidant capacity avaliable from different methods as: DPPH radical (2,2 diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and for identification of volatile compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The samples obtained from all steps of productive process analysed since the raw vegetable (broccoli in natura) until broccoli with garlic and oil preparation showed variable antioxidant capacity associated with the three methods analysed. So, polyphenols also demonstrated correlation with all antioxidant capacity methods utilized, except for FRAP assay that the linear correlation was negative. Degradation products of glucosinolates, as isothiocyanates and nitriles were present in fresh and frozen broccoli samples, but during all production process we suggest that these compounds volatilize which the preparation that used combi steamer (90°C) were not identify in the analysis, but its hydrolysis products were present. In conclusion, we verified that broccoli in natura showed highest quantity of bioactive compounds and the productive process triggers a decrease on the substances present in this vegetable.
Keywords: broccoli, glucosinolates, antioxidant capacity, hospital meals.
Title: DETERMINAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS SATURADOS E TRANS EM ALIMENTOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS E PROCESSADOS HABITUALMENTE CONSUMIDOS POR ADULTOS RESIDENTES EM ÁREAS URBANAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE DUQUE DE CAXIAS – RJ
Author: Mario Ferreira Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 10/1/2013
Abstract: Dietary intake of fat is necessary for body functions, despite the high intake of this nutrient being associated with the development of chronic diseases. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the importance of n-3 fatty acid intake, as well as reducing the consumption of saturated fatty acids and controlling the intake of trans fatty acids (TFA). Thus, the food industry has been driven to seek substitutes for oils modified by hydrogenation. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid content of foods commonly consumed by adults living in a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Food frequency questionnaires were completed by 107 adults of both sexes. The most commonly consumed foods from the survey were then analyzed for their fatty acid content using gas chromatography. High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, were found in soybean oil as well as in barbecue flavored snacks, indicating the use of this oil in their production. Relevant differences were observed between the two brands of margarine, mainly in the levels of TFA. The fatty acid composition varied between the different types of snacks, despite the observation of a tendency for palm oil to be used as a substitute for hydrogenated fats. Finally, analysis of ready-to-eat food from fast food chains or local outlets indicated low nutritional value in terms of lipid content. Recent studies indicate increased consumption of processed foods and foods prepared outside of the home, meals which are usually rich in lipids. Thus, in order to improve the quality of diet of the world’s population, measures to control the consumption of TFAs are being taken. However, given the trend towards substituting TFAs for saturated fatty acids, the high intake of these fatty acids should also be taken into account when considering control measures for preventing cardiovascular conditions.
Keywords: food, fatty acid, gas chromatography
Title: EFEITO DO CONSUMO MATERNO DE DIETAS CONTENDO DIFERENTES FONTES LIPÍDICAS, DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO E LACTAÇÃO, NA ADIPOSIDADE E RESISTÊNCIA À INSULINA DA PROLE ADULTA DE CAMUNDONGOS
Author: Tatiana Przybylski Ribeiro Magri Pereira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/12/2013
Abstract: The quality of the lipids of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation can promote obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult offspring. Due to the recognition of the adverse health effects arising from the consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), rich in trans fatty acids , the food industry has been using as a proxy, fractions of palm oil ( PO) or interesterified fat . The literature is not consensus about the impact of these alternative lipid sources on health. In this study we compared the effect of the consuming of isocaloric and normolipidic diets containing interesterified fat (IG) , PO (PG) , PHVO (TG) or soybean oil (CG) for C57BL / 6 mice, during gestation and lactation, on adiposity and glucose homeostasis of the offspring (male) at three months of life. After mating, the female rats were separated into 4 groups. After weaning, the offspring were separated from their respective progenitor and allocated in individual cages starting to receive soy-based diet. The weight gain and food consumption were recorded during pregnancy and lactation, in mothers, and up to 90 days of life, of male offspring. The homeostasis model assessment was performed by i.p. tolerance tests of glucose and insulin. The model assessment of insulin resistance HOMA -IR was also used. Inguinal, epididymal , retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue mass were quantified, held morphometry of adipocytes in epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues and evaluated by image , the volume of adipose tissue within and outside the abdominal cavity were determined and the profile of the AG of plasma lipids, liver and epididymal adipose tissue and inguinal were determined by gas-liquid chromatography . We found:: increased body mass in young IG and PG, from weaning until 90 days of life , increase mass of epididymal adipose tissue in young IG and inguinal adipose tissue mass in groups PG; increased volume of internal and external fat and overall in IG animals, hypertrophy of adipocytes in epididymal adipose tissue of young IG in inguinal adipose tissue, puppies TG; the differences among tests of glucose homeostasis and sensitivity to peripheral insulin action were not significant; we found higher levels of SFA , TFA and PUFA on circulating lipids of pups PG , TG and IG, respectively, compared to GC; lower liver levels of MUFA and PUFA in puppies GT and GI , compared to the control group and higher levels AGT in epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues of young GT . These results suggest that the substitution of PHVO by PO or interesterified fat may not be a good alternative in that such fats rich in palmitic acid, have been able to cause , in the offspring , changes in development and metabolism of adipose tissue, with repercussions on adulthood, favoring an increase of visceral fat and, consequently, the risk of IR.
Keywords: Metabolic programming, palm oil, interesterified fat; partially hydrogenated vegetable oil; adipose tissue, mice.
Title: TRANSPORTE DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DE CADEIA LONGA EM PLACENTAS DE GESTANTES ADOLESCENTES E ADULTAS.
Author: Fernanda Carrilho Pinto Da Fonseca
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 9/2/2013
Abstract: The increased metabolic and physiological demands of pregnant adolescent may adversely affect the placental development resulting in alterated fetal growth. Essential fatty acids and their long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives (LC-PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are important for fetal growth and development and are accumulated in maternal adipose tissue during the anabolic phase of pregnancy. The placenta is an organ through which these fatty acids flow from mother to fetus, mainly in late pregnancy (catabolic phase). The uptake and transport of fatty acids across the placenta is mediated by mechanisms involving fatty acid binding proteins expressed on the membrane (FABPpm – membrane fatty acid binding proteins), fatty acid translocase-FAT and fatty acid transport protein-FATP 1-6. The gene expression of these proteins is related to the incorporation of LC-PUFAs in placenta and maternal-fetal circulation. These proteins are involved in preferential uptake LC-PUFA to the fetus. Considering the importance of LCPUFAs for fetal development and the lack of studies about the status of these fatty acids in placentas of adolescent mothers, the aims of this study were to quantify the fatty acids in placenta of adolescent and adult pregnants and in maternal and fetal blood and correlate these concentrations with the gene expression of FATP1, FATP4, FABPpm and FAT/CD36. The sociodemographic, anthropometric and obstetric variables were obtained through medical records or interview. The blood lipids were extracted according to Lepage & Roy method, while placenta we used the method of Folch for lipid extraction, followed by methylation, by the method of Lepage and Roy. The esters of fatty acids were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of mg/100 mg of total fatty acids. The concentration of these fatty acids were correlated with the gene expression of transporter proteins, as well as associated with anthropometric data of the newborn. In placental compartments were found higher concentrations of AA and LC-PUFAs in fetal side than in maternal side in placentas of adolescent mothers, as well as in relation to the fetal side of pregnant adults. The gene expression of FATP4 in maternal side of the pregnant adolescents placentas was higher than the maternal side of pregnant adults placentas and the mRNA expression of FATP1 was higher in fetal side of the pregnant adults placentas than pregnant adolescents placentas. Significant positive associations were observed between FABPpm and the concentration of DHA in the maternal side of the pregnant adolescents placenta. In adolescent mothers, it was observed that the concentration of AA, EPA and DHA and total LC-PUFAs was higher in erythrocytes from umbilical cord blood than in maternal blood, while in adult cord erythrocytes we found higher concentrations of AA and LC- PUFAs than maternal blood. On the other hand, the precursors (essential fatty acids) concentrations were higher in maternal blood than cord blood in both groups. The AA concentrations in erythrocytes of adolescent mothers were positively and significantly correlated with birth length. The differences observed between the two age groups, mainly in relation to concentrations of LC-PUFAs, indicate singularities in placental transport of these fatty acids, suggesting efficient placental transfer of these fatty acids in the fetal placental compartments of teenagers.
Keywords:
Title: ÁCIDOS GRAXOS SÉRICOS POLIINSATURADOS N-6 E N-3, COMO BIOMARCADORES DE INGESTÃO DIETÉTICA DE GORDURAS NO INÍCIO DA GESTAÇÃO DE ACORDO COM O ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL.
Author: Jaqueline Lepsch Da Costa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/27/2013
Abstract: Background: We investigated whether food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) may be indicative of the serum composition of essential n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in early pregnancy and if correlations are affected by body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study comprises a prospective cohort conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample was composed of 248 women, aged 20-40 years, between 6th and the 13th weeks’ gestation. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Fatty acid serum compositions were determined in fasting serum samples, employing a high-throughput robotic direct methylation coupled with fast gas-liquid chromatography. Spearman’s correlation (rs) was used to assess the relationship between fatty acid intake and corresponding serum composition. Women were classified according to pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2 ) as underweight/normal weight (BMI < 25; n 139) or overweight (BMI ≥ 25; n 109). Results: In the total sample, dietary report was significantly correlated with serum composition of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA; rs=0.243, P<0.001), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6; rs=0.278, P<0.001), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3; rs=0.277, P<0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3; rs=0.207, P<0.001). When analyses were stratified by BMI, significant correlations between FFQ and serum composition among underweight/normal weight women were observed for total PUFA (rs=0.339, P<0.001), LA (rs=0.332, P<0.001), EPA (rs=0.355, P<0.001), and DHA (rs=0.179, P=0.034). Among overweight women significant correlations were observed only for alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3; rs=0.195, P=0.042) and DHA (rs=0.241, P=0.011). Conclusions: FFQ may be indicative of the serum composition of essential n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in early pregnancy. Higher correlations were observed among underweight/normal weight women
Keywords: Translational research. Gas chromatography. Fatty acids. Food frequency questionnaire. Pregnancy.
Title: COMPORTAMENTOS ALIMENTARES DESORDENADOS E A SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A INGESTÃO DE ENERGIA E NUTRIENTES E O PERFIL ANTROPOMÉTRICO EM ADOLESCENTES
Author: Lorena Gasparini Caran
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/22/2013
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between disordered eating behaviors with energy and nutrients intakes, anthropometric measurements and body composition in adolescents. The cross-sectional study developed in 2008, with a random sample of 487 students between 15 to 19 years attending public schools in the Niterói/RJ, Brazil. We used the questionnaires Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), which identifies abnormal eating pattern and Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), which identifies unusual eating pattern for assessment of disordered eating behaviors. Anthropometry involved the classification of weight status by Body Mass Index (BMI = weight/height²), assessment of height for age and waist circumference, while body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Applied three-day food records to estimate individual usual intake of energy and nutrients. To estimate of the mean energy intake was considered deattenuated values, while to estimate the average intake of nutrients we used the values deattenuated and adjusted for energy using the residue method. The analysis of inadequate nutrient intake used values deattenuated. The magnitude of the association between disordered eating behaviors and categorical variables was assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI), while the association analyzes with the average intake of nutrients were used by linear regression using the procedure General Linear Model. Statistical differences between frequencies were tested by chi-square test, accepting p value <0.05 for statistical significance in all analyzes, which were stratified by sex. The prevalence of abnormal eating pattern was 7.4% while the unusual eating pattern was 18.9%, both of which are more prevalent in girls. The intake of vitamin C was higher in girls with abnormal eating patterns, with consequent less frequent inadequacy of this vitamin when compared to those with normal eating pattern. Calcium intake was lower in boys with unusual dietary pattern compared to those without the inappropriate behavior. Overweight was associated with the presence dietary pattern unusual in girls (PR 2.4 CI 1.6-3.5). Disordered eating behaviors occur more frequently in females, particularly those with overweight, and can lead to lower calcium intake in boys.
Keywords: disordered eating behaviors; abnormal eating patterns; unusual eating patterns; energy intake; nutrients; anthropometry; nutritional assessment; adolescents.
Title: LIPÍDIOS SÉRICOS E LEPTINA PLASMÁTICA E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A PRESSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO
Author: Dayana Rodrigues Farias
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/22/2013
Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy is a period of intense adjustments in the women’s body. Blood Pressure (BP) levels decrease from the first to the second trimester, and then a progressive increase occurs until delivery. Studies have reported that women with hypertension during pregnancy presents higher concentrations of lipids and leptin when compared to normotensive ones. Objective: To evaluate the association between serum lipids and leptin concentrations during the first trimester and longitudinal changes of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in healthy pregnancies. Methods: This is a prospective cohort of pregnant women followed at a public health care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SBP and DBP were obtained at the ≤13th, 20th-26th and 30th-36th weeks of gestation and were the dependent variables. The main independent variables comprised serum lipids (total cholesterol [TC]; high (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c] and triglycerides [TG]) and plasma leptin concentrations. Blood samples were collected in the first trimester of pregnancy. Statistical analyses included means and 95% confidence intervals and longitudinal linear mixed-effects models reporting regression coefficient (β) and 95% CI, and a p-value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Multiple longitudinal regression models revealed association of participation in Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) before pregnancy (βSBP=-3.003, 95% CI=-5.034 – -0.971; βDBP=-2.620, 95% CI=- 4.177 – -1.064), first trimester Body Mass Index (BMI; βSBP=4.003, 95% CI=1.924 – 6.081; βDBP=1.862, 95% CI=0.252 – 3.412) and parity (βSBP=-2.778, 95% CI=-4.627 – -0.929; βDBP=-1.780, 95% CI==-3.168 – -0.392) and the Homeostasis Model Assement – Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR; βSBP=2.554, 95% CI=0.552 – 4.557; βDBP=2.962, 95% CI=1.436 – 4.489) with SBP and DBP. Monthly per-capita family income (βSBP=-0.006, 95% CI=-0.010 – -0.001), TC (βSBP=2.094, 95% CI=0.223 – 3.965) and leptin (βSBP=2.211, 95% CI=0.159 – 4.263) were associated only with SBP. Conclusion: Serum TC and plasma leptin concentrations, HOMA-IR and BMI in the first trimester were positively associated with changes in BP during healthy pregnancies, while participating in LTPA before pregnancy, parity and monthly per-capita family income were negatively associated.
Keywords: Blood pressure; Lipids; Leptin; Pregnancy; Body mass index; Translational Research.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DAS EQUAÇÕES DE PREDIÇÃO DO GASTO ENERGÉTICO DE IDOSOS EM TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL ENTERAL
Author: Roberta Santiago De Brito
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 8/20/2013
Abstract: The study aims to evaluate among the elderly in enteral nutritional therapy, the predictive equations for energy expenditure (REE), comparing them with indirect calorimetry (IC). This is a cross sectional study that selected patients who were under attendance of the Multidisciplinary Nutritional Therapy Team from Copa D’Or Hospital (RJ), admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The metabolic evaluation was performed using the open-circuit of IC with a respiratory hood. The results were compared with predictive equations of REE for Harris Benedict (with and without injury factor), Ireton-Jones and the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN), considering the range of 20 (ESPEN1) kcal / kg / day to 25 (ESPEN2) kcal / kg / day, according to the gender and the presence of sepsis. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 17.0 and considering p <0.05. It has been included 54 elderly patients with respiratory assistance of a mechanical ventilation and age within 79 ± 14 years. For the elderly women without sepsis and the REE was lower as the estimation of HB, IJ and ESPEN1, with the percentage of underestimation of 19%, 13% and 18%, respectively. In septic women, IC differed from the equations HB, IJ and HBcorrected (with injury factor), and the underestimation of the percentage of REE was 18% and 14% for HB and IJ, respectively, and the overestimation of the HBcorrected was 32%. For elderly men without sepsis the REE was lower by the HB estimation, and higher by the HBcorrected, with underestimation and overestimation percentage of 9% and 9%, respectively. For septic men, all the equations differed from the IC, and the underestimation percentage of REE was 21%, 15% and 16% for HB, IJ and ESPEN1, respectively, while the percentage of overestimation at the corrected HB and ESPEN2 was 18% and 5%, respectively. The correction factor used in the equation for HB sepsis may overestimate the EE in these patients; on the other hand, the HB equation underestimated the EE in all groups of patients. It is noted that for patients without sepsis, the equations proposed by ESPEN, considering both the minimum and the maximum calories per kilogram body weight, were more suitable to estimate the EE. However, for patients with sepsis, ESPEN2 was more appropriate
Keywords: prediction equations, resting energy expenditure, enteral nutritional therapy, elderly, critical patients, indirect calorimetry
Title: O PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS EM DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Author: Joana Karina De Carvalho Fortunato
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/10/2013
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the variation in Food Insecurity (FI) and social indicators of families benefited or not benefited from Bolsa Famíla Program (BFP) after five years of its implementation. Two population surveys were performed in 2005 and 2010, in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, households were evaluated for participation in the PBF, FI by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and socioeconomic variables (monthly per capita family income, education of family head, number of household members, access to goods, supply and presence of water filter). We used the chi-square test and Student’s t test with respective confidence intervals (CI95%). The inclusion of families benefited by PBF increased from 8.1% (95% CI 6.0;10.8) (2005) to 15% (95% CI 12.4;18.0) (2010). The proportion of FI reduced from 53.4% to 40.7% in the following survey, having significant drop in the most severe level from 14% (95% CI 11.3;17.0) to 3% (95% CI 2.1;5.1). Among the families benefited by BFP in 2005 and 2010, there was a significant reduction in extreme poverty (p-value <0.01) with increase in the proportion of those without poverty in 2010, as well as a reduction in the proportion of severe FI (p-value <0.001), a significant increase of households with monthly per capita income between ! and ” minimum wage (p-value<0.05) and reduction of the number of persons per household (p-value<0.001), reflecting the increase in mean income and better socioeconomic status in this group. There was no improvement in water supply for both groups and only households without BFP showed a significant increase in the presence of water filter. The progress in socioeconomic conditions and FI among families with BFP suggest that the program helped to create better living conditions in the households studied, however the lack of local investments is reflected in the absence of improvements in sanitation, as these factors represent counterparts of municipal government.
Keywords:
Title: IMPACTO DA ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL E DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM VITAMINA A SOBRE A DEFICIÊNCIA DE VITAMINA A EM GESTANTES E PUÉRPERAS BRASILEIRAS.
Author: Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Neves
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 7/4/2013
Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the effect of the changes on prenatal care on the occurrence of night blindness (NB) in adult pregnant women assisted in Rio de Janeiro’s public maternity hospital between 1999-2001 and between 2007-2008. It aims also to perform a systematic review on the literature over the impact of vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy and puerperium in Brazilian women. It consists in two cross-sectional studies performed with 402 pregnant/puerperal women assisted in maternity school in Rio de Janeiro. The groups of study are formed by pregnant women assisted in the unit between 1999-2001 (GI) and GII are formed by pregnant women assisted between 2007-2008. Women from GI received the unit’s routine nutritional intervention (n=225) and women from GII received the new routines of the reviewed nutritional assistance (n=177). The investigation of gestational NB on both groups was performed during prenatal or immediate puerperium and it was diagnosed by World Health Organization’s standard interview (1996). For the systematic review, an extensive search for clinical trials which had evaluated vitamin A megadose supplementation in Brazilian pregnant and puerperal women was conducted, over the obstetric results, in health conditions of mother-child binomial and retinol concentrations on breast milk. There was a significant reduction of prevalence of gestational NB on GII (GI=18,7% and GII=0,6%, p0,05). We found only studies which evaluated the supplementation during the puerperum. None of them has found improvement in maternal and child health conditions. All of them found increase of retinol concentration, either in the colostrum or in the mature milk. The reduction of NB in the unit may have occurred due to the change in prenatal care routines, but to confirm that more studies are needed. The vitamin A megadose supplementation in the puerperium is not recommended for the reduction of maternal and child morbimortality. The current recommendations from World Health Organization for pregnant women, not for puerperal women, must be considered.
Keywords: night blindness, vitamin A, vitamin A deficiency, prenatal nutrition, prenatal care, pregnancy.
Title: DIVERSIDADE DE ALIMENTOS NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Camila Pinheiro Coura
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/28/2013
Abstract: This thesis presents the results of the study “Expansion of Preschoolers` Food Universe: Intervention Study”, conducted from June to December 2018, which aimed to evaluate the effect of intervention aimed at promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in preschoolers. This is a nonrandomized community trial conducted in two municipal preschools units in Rio de Janeiro, selected for convenience, with children from 4 to 6 years old. The intervention included the baseline study, with questionnaire application and measurement of children’s weight and height, the intervention consisted of five sessions of sensory workshops based on the Sapere Method; and post-intervention data collection. Data collection was performed using a structured questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits of the child and family, parenting feeding style and food intake of the child. Parental feeding style was assessed by the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire translated and adapted. Food intake was assessed using a specific Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess the consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes and unhealthy foods. The weight condition was classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. The intervention size effect was calculated. Changes in food group consumption between the baseline and after intervention studies were assessed by McNemar test and using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), having as an independent variable the time-school interaction term, allowing to estimate changes in outcomes and to compare the control and intervention schools. The model was selected based on the AIC. The analysis performed was by intention to treat. It was considered p-value <0.05 for statistical significance. The study included 270 preschoolers aged 4-6 years, 91 in the control school and 179 in the intervention school. The most frequent parenting styles among the parents of the children studied were “encouragement to eat” and “control over eating”. No association was observed between parenting style of eating and preschoolers’ food consumption, except for sugar-added drinks, which were less frequent (2.3 times a day) among children whose parents exercised “control over eating” than those who adopted the “encouragement to eat” style (2.9 times a day; pvalue <0.01). There was a reduction in the proportion of children who rejected beans (12% vs. 5%; p = 0.021 – McNemar test) at the intervention group and these were different from those observed in the control school (p = 0.06; GMM). Results not statistically significant but considered relevant given the conditions of the study include, in the intervention group, the increase in the proportion of parents who reported that the child, if encouraged, sometimes tastes new foods, up from 35% in the baseline study to 47% post-intervention. Recognition of parental feeding style can be useful for the development of healthy eating promotion actions involving parents of preschoolers. The consumption of vegetables and fruits among the studied children was already high and what resulted in little margin to increase the consumption of these foods. Sensory experiences have been well received by children as a strategy for food education and should be tested in longer-term experiments involving a larger sample.
Keywords: Food and Nutrition Education; Workshops; Child Nutrition; Preschoolers
Title: INFLUÊNCIA DO GRAU DE SATURAÇÃO DOS LIPÍDIOS NO METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM EXCESSO DE PESO
Author: Junia Elisa Carvalho De Meira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 5/27/2013
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the influence of the composition of dietary lipids in energy metabolism in patients with excess body weight. METHODS: A methodical and meta-analytical literature review was performed, in which were included random and controlled trials collected from the following databases: PUBMED, LILACS and SCORPUS. RESULTS: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) promote increased fat oxidation, compared to saturated (SFA). MUFA, compared with AGS, promote greater TID. PUFA, compared with CHO promoted greater fat oxidation, but smaller TID and QR. Energy expenditure (EE) did not change comparing with MUFA PUFA, MUFA and SFA with CHO, CHO and MUFA. Based on the meta-analysis it is clear that there is no scientific evidence demonstrating that the unsaturated fats present favorable metabolic response in obesity. It is also confirmed that the fat, regardless of the presence of instauration, which provides a macronutrient is smaller increase in the EE compared to CHO. CONCLUSION: The unsaturated fats are more oxidized than saturated, however, there is still no scientific evidence confirming that the change in the degree of saturation of fats may favor individuals with excess body weight, despite MUFA tended to be greater fat oxidation, compared to AGS.
Keywords: excess body mass, dietary lipids, energy expenditure.
Title: INTERVENÇÃO NUTRICIONAL E DESFECHOS DA GRAVIDEZ EM MULHERES COM DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL
Author: Helaine Thomaz De Lima
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 4/10/2013
Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention in women with GDM based on two methods (traditional method – MT; carbohydrate counting method – MCC) of dietary counseling on outcomes: metabolic control of DMG; adequacy of total gestational weight gain; combination with pregnancy complications; mode of delivery; fetal macrosomia; birth conditions. The results were described in two manuscripts. The first manuscript concerns in a systematic review of the literature on the impact of nutrition therapy in DMG. We performed an electronic search using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and CAPES Digital Bank of Theses using the methods for dietary counseling by MT and MCC. We followed all the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement and we analyzed the methodological quality of all studies included using the Jadad scale (1996). Only five studies were included in the Jadad assessment from a total of 55. We found no publication about nutritional counseling with MCC in women with GDM. Studies assessing the MCC must be conducted to show if this method also has beneficial effects on maternal and child health. The second manuscript is a controlled and randomized clinical trial, conducted in a public maternity hospital located in Rio de Janeiro. It aims to evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention in women with GDM based on two methods of nutritional counseling (MT and MCC) in perinatal outcomes. The members were selected by the final number of records and divided into groups of women with GDM who received nutritional counseling MT (GI- records ending with odd number), and (GII- records ending with even number) based on MCC. It involved 130 adult women with GDM. We performed the analysis of adherence to diet being classified as poor (zero to one criteria observed), good (two or three criteria observed) or excellent (four criteria observed). We found that when adherence to the intervention was good or excellent in the fourth consultation with the nutritionist, postprandial glycemia in the third quarter was lower compared to women with low adherence (low adherence – 119.91 mg/dl; good adherence – 112.73 mg/dl; great adherence – 101.87 mg/dl, p = 0.046). The average of birth weight was significantly higher among women with good and excellent adherence on the sixth consultation compared with women with low adherence to nutritional guidelines (good / excellent adherence – 3491.22 g; low adherence – 3256.77 g; p = 0.04). For glycemic control outcomes in the 1st (p = 0.69), the 2nd (p = 0.41) and 3rd (p = 0.26) quarters, need for insulin (p = 0.59), adequacy of gestational weight gain (p = 0.25), adequacy of birth weight (p = 0.08), neonatal (p = 0.93) and gestational (p = 0.36) complications and type of delivery (p = 0.76), there were no difference between women conducted as the methods employed of nutritional counseling. Given the above, it is expected that the results of this research may help improving the nutritional prenatal care of women with GDM and the formation of a bond between the professional and the woman may promote adherence to dietary guidelines regardless of the method to be adopted.
Keywords: Prenatal Nutrition Assistance; women with GDM, nutritional therapy, adherence to dietary counseling.
Title: TEORES DE GRELINA, LEPTINA E ADIPONECTINA NO LEITE HUMANO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM PARÂMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS MATERNOS E DE LACTENTES EM ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO
Author: Livia Belcastro De Almeida
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/21/2013
Abstract: Breast milk is the most recommended food for children until six months old. Besides of being nutritionally complete, this secretion provides bioactive substances which are critical to the growth and development of infants. The hormones ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin stand out among these bioactive compounds. By acting in modulating the appetite and the regulation of body energy reserves as well as in the processes involved with body growth, these hormones may constitute, in the first months of life, critical and determining factors for the growth and nutritional status of infants. This study aims to test the hypothesis that the levels of ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin in milk may be associated with anthropometric measures of mothers and exclusively breastfed infants. Information of this nature is scarce and inconsistent. Milk samples and data were collected at a public health center in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 71 samples of mature milk were obtained by manual expression. Total ghrelin was assayed in 62 samples, by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Leptin and adiponectin levels weremeasured by an enzyme-amplified sensitivity immunoassay (ELISA) in 38 and 37 samples, respectively. The average levels of total ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin found in the samples analyzed were 1521.65 ± 609.85 pg / mL, 3.47 ± 0.21 ng / mL and 0.55 ± 0.09 ng / mL, respectively and varied widely, as indicated by the minimum and maximum values of total ghrelin (813.02 to 3511.04 pg / mL), leptin (3.24 to 4.60 ng / mL) and adiponectin (0.41 to 0.74 ng / mL). The analysis of the levels of these hormones, according to the age of the infant, showed no significant differences. However, we found higher concentrations of ghrelin in milk produced by mothers who breastfeed female infants. No significant correlation was found between the contents of hormones in milk and anthropometric parameters of the infants. However, in relation to maternal anthropometric variables, positive correlations were found between the levels of leptin in mature breast milk and body weight (r = 0.405 p = 0.003) and the body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.477 p = 0.013) of the nursing mother. In addition, linear regression analysis showed a relationship between nursing mother BMI and breast milk leptin (p=0.044). Considering the great variability of results about this topic, sometimes not consensual, complicating and compromising comparisons between different studies, the assignment of a specific role, modulating the anthropometric nutritional status of infants, related to each of these hormones remains requiring intensive research.
Keywords: breast milk, total ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, anthropometric measures.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DE INFUSOS DE FOLHAS DE INSULINA VEGETAL (CISSUS SICYOOIDES L.) DESIDRATADA EM RATOS WISTAR COM DIABETES MELLITUS INDUZIDA.
Author: Adriana Da Silveira Leal
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/19/2013
Abstract: The use of medicinal plants are booming worldwide due to the high cost of manufactured drugs, the beneficial effects that are credited to them or to their own fad. These effects attract persons with degenerative diseases, like diabetes, that is a worldwide epidemic. Inumerous plants are studied in order to assist in the treatment of diabetes Mellitus type II, in Brazil we can highlight the insulin plant (Cissus sicyoides L.). This paper aims to assess the infused leaf of vegetable insulin 5% in Wistar rats healthy and with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin®. The plant was collected in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, sent to INJC / UFRJ to be cleaned, dried and milled and after to be stored in refrigerated. The experimental part had 20 rats, divided into two groups (DM E NDM), where diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal route using streptozotocin ® and other group with distilled water, prior to induction were measured glucose levels and after three days were repeated the measurement to confirm that the animals were diabetic, and four groups were formed (DM DM5% NDM, NDM5%). After that, the treatment began with the infusion leaf of vegetable insulin 5%, which was administered for 28 days, during this period it was verified animal body weight, feed intake and blood glucose. Animals were euthanized by an overdose of Thiopental ®, in sequence the blood was collected for processing and analysis of catalase. The organs (heart, kidney and liver) were removed for histological analysis. The results obtained in relation to glucose levels at the end of the experimental period, show the action of vegetable insulin tea, clearly demonstrating the significant hypoglycemic effect of tea on diabetic animals (DM 5%) compared to the control group (DM). The hypoglycemic effect occurred even in non-diabetic group, but treated with tea (NDM5%) compared to the tea treated diabetic (DM5%). The nondiabetic group treated (NDM5%) or not (NDM), exhibited lower blood glucose than the DM group. On the other hand, no significant difference among the groups that was not diabetic. For evaluating the antioxidant effect of vegetable insulin, the activity of catalase was assessed in the animals plasmas, we used a commercial kit (Cayman’s Catalase Assay Kit), the mean optical density were 2.59 ± 0.30; 2 84 ± 0.60, 1.82 ± 0.46, 3.20 ± 0.35, for groups NDM, DM, and% NDM5 DM5%, respectively. The diabetic animals that received the tea, showed catalase activity significantly higher when compared to non-diabetic groups, treated or not. This effect of vegetable insulin in serum activity of catalase is unprecedented, because not so far, there were no articles that reference these results. Histological evaluation, there was no effect of vegetable insulin in tissues studied (heart, kidney and liver). From the results of this study, was possible to avaliate the infused leaf of vegetable insulin 5% and check their hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic animals. On the other hand, did not cause lesions in cardiac tissue, kidney and liver in diabetic animals or not. Are also required preclinical studies and clinical trials for the correct and safe use of this plant.
Keywords: Cissus sicyoides L., insulin plant, diabetes e catalase.
Title: ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E SAÚDE ÓSSEA EM MULHERES DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Gigliane Cosendey Menegati Barros
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/6/2013
Abstract: Introduction: Nutritional deficiencies such as calcium and vitamin D may occur after bariatric surgery by impairment of the main sites of absorption, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased risk of decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Dietary restriction, nutritional deficiencies prior to surgery and low adherence to inappropriate use of supplements reinforce the importance of assessing bone health in these individuals. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status, body composition and bone health in women undergoing bariatric surgery in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: We select 25 adult premenopausal women treated at University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in (RYGBP) (test group) and 33 women who did not undergo surgery matched according to body mass index (BMI) and age (control group). Were conducted anthropometric, dietary, laboratory, body composition and BMD by X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The mean postoperative period was 24.7 months. No differences were found between groups for age, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and lean mass (%), BMD and dietary intake of calcium, although this was lower in the 2 groups. The test group showed better results for hemogram, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, but concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were higher compared to the control group (p = 0.005), although be within the normal range. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) did not differ between groups (p = 0.075), but showed values of failure in both (Test: 28.2 ng / mL vs Control: 24.3 ng / mL ). The test group had lower energy intake, protein, lipid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fiber, phosphorus and iron. The time of surgery revealed an inverse correlation with vitamin D. Conclusions: After RYGBP observed higher concentrations of PTH, low dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency plasma, but without involvement of BMD. The time of surgery revealed an inverse correlation with vitamin D. The test group had adequate nutritional state of iron and lipid profile and inadequate intake of energy, protein, PUFA, fiber and iron.
Keywords: bariatric surgery, nutritional status, body composition, bone health.
Title: AVALIAÇÃO DA ACEITAÇÃO DA ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR EM UMA UNIDADE DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM MACAÉ/RJ
Author: Mariana Fernandes Brito De Oliveira
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 3/4/2013
Abstract: Introduction: The school presents itself as a privileged environment in space and time for health promotion, also the second location for socialization of the children and where they consume much of their daily energy requirement. The proper nutrition in childhood is essential to ensure growth and development of children, it provides energy and nutrients needed to maintain health. Objective: To evaluate the food offered to students in a public school in the city of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Methods: This was a descriptive crosssectional study with students 7-10 years of age, which investigated the acceptance of school meals through the Hedonic Face Scale (HFS); Residuals Index (RI); School Meals Adhension Index (SMAI); preparation technique employed, using the Minimum Culinary Proceedings Cards (MCPC); number of repetitions, and food preferences and opinions of students about the lunch. Results: A total of 189 students of both sexes participated in the study. School feeding was assessed for 22 school days. The results showed that the average acceptance of the meal by the HFS was 80.1%, indicating that the studied menus were not accepted. Furthermore, the mean rejection high (24.3%). Mean adherence to school feeding and preparation technique adequacy was 64.5% and 70.7%, respectively. The portioning offered was considered adequate for 70.3% of the schoolchildren. Most students reported liking school meals (93.4%) and the prevalence of daily consumption was (52.4%). As for 9 food preferences, we highlight the main course: meat (72.5%) and aside: beans and rice, 48.4% and 45.1% respectively. At last, it was observed that when the menu was performed according to the MCPC it was positive and significantly related with variables SMAI, HFS and number of repetitions. Conclusion: Although the school feeding indices were unsatisfactory according to the HFS and the IR, meals are more ingested, as shown by the number of repetitions, and have greater adhesion technique when preparing technique is adequate. Thus, it is necessary to value the way meals are prepared and invest in the training of those responsible for school meals. It is important to notice that correct technique for preparing a meal is an auxiliary method to evaluate school feeding.
Keywords: school, school feeding, acceptance, sensory analysis, nutrition.
Title: ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE GLICEMIA MATERNA NOS DIFERENTES PERÍODOS GESTACIONAIS E OCORRÊNCIA DE DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL, MACROSSOMIA FETAL E PARTO CIRÚRGICO
Author: Gisele Seabra
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/27/2013
Abstract: The Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes among which are the most frequent fetal macrosomia and the need for operative deliveries. Recently concentrations were also associated with maternal fasting glucose below the diagnostic criteria for GDM with these outcomes, yet there are few studies on the subject to support this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate The association between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and incidence of macrosomia, cesarean delivery and DMG. Of the 846 women who participated in the study were selected based on 829 pregnant / postpartum women without diabetes, met in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from 1999 to 2008 (constituting three case studies), and who met the inclusion criteria: having achieved prenatal maternity studied, age ≥ 20 years, single-fetus pregnancy and records blood glucose during pregnancy and no previous chronic diseases. We evaluated the similarity between the characteristics of the three women who were part of this case series study and differences were considered in the development of logistic regression models. Macrosomia was considered when the birth weight was> 4000g, cesarean according to medical records and the medical records, cases of GDM, when glucose 1 hour after glucose oral tolerance test 50g glucose > 130mg/dL and confirmed by the change in the glucose curve test. Fasting glucose according to the trimesters of pregnancy was stratified into 90mg/dL. 46.6% of women had cesarean delivery, 3.3% developed GDM and macrosomia occurred in 4.6% of fetuses. A higher average fasting glucose in the 2nd quarter (90.5 mg / dL, 78.5 mg / dL, p = 0.000) for women with GDM compared with those who had no pregnancy complications, respectively. Higher mean fasting glucose was also observed in the 3rd quarter (90mg/dL, 77.8 mg / dL, p = 0.016) for women with GDM compared with uneventful gestation, respectively. We observed higher average fasting glucose in the 2nd quarter (80.4 mg / dL and 78mg/dL, post hoc = 0.034) and also in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (80.4 mg / dL and 77.1 mg / dL , post hoc = 0.005) for women with cesarean section compared with those that had a normal delivery, respectively. Also found higher mean fasting glucose in the 2nd quarter (86.2 mg / dL and 78.8 mg / dL, post hoc = 0.003) in women with macrosomic children compared with children of normal weight. There was a greater chance of GDM among women with blood glucose> 90mg/dL in 2nd. trimester (OR = 7.2, 95% CI 2.33 to 22.24) compared with women with blood glucose
Keywords: glycemia, gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, cesarean.
Title: CARACTERÍSTICAS NUTRICIONAIS DO DESJEJUM DE ADOLESCENTES ESTUDANTES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE NITERÓI-RJ
Author: Alline Dos Santos Correa
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/26/2013
Abstract: The breakfast is often skipped by adolescents; nevertheless, regular consumption of breakfast has been associated with healthy food choices and adequate intake of nutrients. The aim of this study was to characterize the breakfast of adolescents from public schools of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is cross-sectional study, the baseline of an intervention study aiming to reduce the consumption of sodas, which analyzed daily and breakfast food consumption. Food intake data was obtained by one 24-hour recall of 1133 adolescents between 10 and 14 years old. If the adolescent answered that he/she did not have any food when asked “What did you eat for breakfast?”, it was considered breakfast skipping. The cluster analysis was applied to characterize the breakfast food consumption pattern. Weight status was assessed by age-andsex z-scores of body mass index (BMI = weight/height2 ). Chi-square homogeneity test was used to assess differences in categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test was applied to assess the statistical differences for continuous variables with non-parametric distributions. ANOVA was used to assess differences in mean nutrient intake between the breakfast eating patterns. For all statistical tests, the significance level was p-value <0.05. Sixteen percent of the students did not report having breakfast on the day of the survey. The omission of breakfast was more frequent among those who were overweight compared to those without excess weight (20 vs 15%, p = 0.04) and among those who attended school in the morning shift than among those in the afternoon shift (18 vs 10%, p <0.01). Energy, macronutrients and calcium intake was significantly higher for adolescents who reported breakfast consumption. In average, 18% of the daily energy intake came from the breakfast. The contribution of breakfast to daily intake of calcium (39%) and vitamin A (34%) was significant. The foods most frequently consumed at the breakfast were breads, sugar & sweets, butter, milk, powdered cocoa, and coffee or tea. The analysis showed that the type of beverage was the key food in characterizing the eating pattern of breakfast. Thus, later, the adolescents were categorized into five mutually exclusive patterns of eating breakfast, which were identified from the type of drink reported in this meal: “Coffee & Tea”, “Milk & milkbased drinks,” “Soft drinks & other drinks with added sugar “,”No beverages” and “More than one type of beverages”. The contribution of breakfast to daily calcium intake was similar among the five breakfast eating patterns regardless of the meal eating pattern. Moreover, there were no differences in the nutrient intake at breakfast accordingly the meal food patterns. However, there were differences in foods selected in each pattern and differences in energy and nutrients daily intake among the different breakfast eating patterns. This study showed the importance of beverages to the breakfast characterization and demonstrated that food choices in the breakfast are related to the daily dietary intake.
Keywords: consumption of meals, skipping breakfast, food consumption, dietary patterns, beverages with added sugar, adolescents
Title: CONSUMO DE REFEIÇÕES E INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM ADOLESCENTES DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS E PARTICULARES
Author: Mara Lima De Cnop
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/25/2013
Abstract: Nowadays, overweight and obesity are the major nutritional problems among Brazilian adolescents. The food inadequacy and physical inactivity are factors directly related to the development of weight status. However the effect of meals habits on the weight gain is still poorly studied. In Brazil, few studies have evaluated the association between meals consumption and anthropometric indices. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the association between meals consumption habits and anthropometric indicators of adiposity in adolescents. It is a cross-sectional study, the baseline of the Longitudinal Nutritional Assessment of Adolescents Study (ELANA) developed with adolescents between 10 and 19 years old, including 970 high school students and 773 middle school students from selected public and private schools from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Meals consumption habits were categorized as regular, when the meal was consumed at least five times per week; and irregular when the meal was consumed them less than five times per week. It was estimated a score to classify the adolescents’ meal patterns, by scoring the frequencies of meals consumption (daily = 0; 5 to 6 times per week = 1; 3 to 4 times per week = 2; 1 to 2 times per week = 3; 1 to 2 times per week = 4). The scores sum ranged from 0 to 12 points and the meals consumption pattern was considered satisfactory when the total score was ≤ 1. Anthropometric indices analyzed were: the body mass index (BMI = weight/height2), classified according to criteria of the World Health Organization; the Waist Height Ratio (WHR), which was categorized as adequate (≤ 0.50) and high (> 0.50). Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance using equations specific for adolescents to estimate the body fat percentage (BFP). The association between the independent variables (overall meals pattern, and habits related to breakfast, lunch, and dinner) with the dependent variables (BMI, WHR and BFP) was assessed in univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, school type and school period, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among public school students, those from high school reported higher frequencies of irregular habits of breakfast (37 vs. 23%, p <0.01) and dinner (30 vs. 19%, p <0.01) consumption than those from middle school. Consequently, in public schools, unsatisfactory meals’ patterns were more frequent among high school students than among those in the middle school (60 vs. 42%, p <0.01). Nevertheless, we found no differences in meals consumption pattern according to the types of schools, even when stratified by the school grade or sex. Unsatisfactory meals’ pattern was associated with increased probability of overweight (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9), high WHR (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1 0.0 to 1, 8), and high BFP (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0), regardless of sex, age, type of school, and school year. Irregular meals habits were related to unfavorable indicators of body mass, body fat, and body fat distribution, suggesting the need of including more effectively the meals’ habits in interventions encouraging healthy eating.
Keywords: consumption of meals, adolescents, anthropometrics indicators, body composition.
Title: RELAÇÃO ENTRE APOIO SOCIAL E INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR FAMILIAR EM REGIÃO DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE, RIO DE JANEIRO
Author: Gabriela Dos Santos Interlenghi
Conclusion Paper: DISSERTATION
Date of Defense: 2/18/2013
Abstract: The subject Food and Nutrition Security increasingly occupies the public agenda to fight hunger and it has been considered a human right since 2006. Its broad and multidimensional definition enables the use of different analysis and comprehensions under the subject. One point of view yet few observed consists of the relationships that socially vulnerable individuals develop with their social networks and the resources provided by these relationships, known as social support. The main objective of the current work was to verify the association between social support and food insecurity reduction among families living in Baixada Fluminense, a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study presents data from a household-based cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households from Campos Elíseos district, Duque de Caxias (a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro), conducted in the year of 2010. A sample of 1.022 subjects (27% male and 73% female) aged 19 to 60 years was obtained. Most of them were represented by the head of family or his/her partner. Familiar food insecurity was estimated by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Individual perception about the availability of social support was assessed by using the “Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey”, adapted and validated for the Brazilian population. Socio-demografic factors were evaluated by structured questionnaires and considered as confounders. The score obtained on the number of affirmative responses to the food insecurity scale items was considered the outcome variable, after logarithmic transformation. Three social support dimensions (emotional/ informational, affective/social companionship, tangible) obtained by factorial analysis were considered as explanatory variables. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between social support dimensions and familiar food insecurity, controlled for confounders (p<0.05). Analysis were stratified for households with over 18 years-old people only and households with children and/or teenagers (p-value<0.05). Afective/ social companionship social support was inversely associated with food insecurity scale’s score for households with over 18 yearsold people only (β= -0.007; CI95%= -0.012; -0.001) and households with children and/or teenagers (β= -0.017; CI95%= -0.028; -0.006), even after adjustment for confounders. The same was observed for tangible social support both in households with over 18 years-old people only (β= -0.005; CI95%= -0.01; -0.001). The results suggest that the availability of social support might positively contribute to reduce familiar food insecurity in the present population.
Keywords: Food insecurity, social support, population studies